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Healthful Living > Chapter 13 pt.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

A

Disease of the heart and/or blood vessels

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2
Q

Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH)

A

The absence of clinical indicators of CVD and the presence of certain behavioral and health factor metrics.

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3
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

The organ system, consisting of the heart and blood vessels, that transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, metabolic waste, and enzymes throughout the body.

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4
Q

Atria

A

The heart’s two upper chambers, which receive blood; singular: atrium.

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5
Q

Ventricles

A

The heart’s two lower chambers, which pump blood through the blood vessels.

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6
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other regions of the body

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7
Q

Arterioles

A

Branches of the arteries

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8
Q

Capillaries

A

Minute blood vessels that branch out from the arterioles and venules; their thin walls permit exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products among body cells.

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9
Q

Venules

A

Very small blood vessels that carry blood from capillary beds into larger veins.

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10
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart from other regions of the body

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11
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

A

A cluster of electrical pulse-generating cells that serves as a natural pacemaker for the heart

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12
Q

Hypertension

A

Sustained elevated blood pressure

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13
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

The upper number in the fraction that measures blood pressure, indicating pressure on the walls of the arteries when the heart contracts

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14
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

The lower number in the fraction that measures blood pressure indication pressure on the walls of the arteries during relaxation phase of heart activity

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15
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A general term for thickening and hardening of the arteries

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16
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A condition characterized by deposits of fatty substances (plaque) on the inner lining of an artery

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17
Q

Plaque

A

The buildup of deposits in the arteries

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18
Q

Ischemia

A

Reduced oxygen supply to a body part or organ

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19
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

A

Atherosclerosis occurring in the lower extremities, such as in the feet, calves, or legs, or in the arms

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20
Q

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

A

A narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood to the heart

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21
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

A blockage of normal blood supply to an area to the heart; also referred to as a heart attack

22
Q

Coronary Thrombosis

A

Blood clot formation

23
Q

Thrombus

A

A blood clot

24
Q

Embolus

A

A clot that has been dislodge and can move through the circulatory system

25
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An irregularity in heartbeat

26
Q

Fibrillation

A

A sporadic, quivering patter of heartbeat that results in extreme inefficiency in moving blood through the cardiovascular system

27
Q

Preventricular Contractions (PVCs)

A

Premature heart beats in the ventricles

28
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Chest pain occurring as a result of reduced oxygen flow to the heart

29
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

The condition in which the heart muscle is damaged or overworked, becomes enlarged, and lacks the strength to keep blood circulating normally through the body

30
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

An abnormal cardiovascular condition that reflects impaired cardiac pumping and blood flow; pooling blood leads to congestion in body tissues

31
Q

Stroke

A

A condition that occurs when the brain is damaged by disrupted blood supply; also called cerebrovascular accident

32
Q

Aneurysm

A

A weakened blood vessel that may bulge under pressure and, in severe cases, burst

33
Q

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs)

A

A brief interruption of the blood supply to the brain that causes only temporary impairment; often an indicator of impending major stroke.

34
Q

Cardiometabolic Risk

A

Risk factors that affect both the cardiovascular system and the body’s biochemical metabolic processes

35
Q

Metabolic Syndrom (MetS)

A

A group of metabolic conditions occurring together that increase a person’s risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes

36
Q

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

A

A protein whose blood levels rise in response to inflammation

37
Q

Homocysteine

A

An amino acid normally present in the blood that, when found at high levels, may be related to higher risk of cardiovascular disease

38
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

A record of the electrical activity of the heart; may be measured during a stress test

39
Q

Angiography

A

A technique for examining blockages in heart arteries

40
Q

Coronary Bypass Surgery

A

A surgical technique whereby a blood vessel taken from another part of the body is implanted to bypass a clogged coronary artery

41
Q

Angioplasty

A

A technique in which a catheter with a balloon at the tip is inserted into a clogged artery; the balloon is inflated to flatten fatty deposits against artery walls, and a stent is typically inserted to keep the artery open

42
Q

Thrombolysis

A

Injection of an agent to dissolve clots and restore some blood flow, thereby reducing the amount of tissue that dies from ischemia

43
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

A group of disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels

44
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Elevated blood glucose level

45
Q

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

A

A form of diabetes mellitus in which the pancreas is not able to make insulin, and therefore blood glucose cannot enter the cells to be used for energy

46
Q

Pancreas

A

The organ that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine and hormones, including insulin, into the bloodstream

47
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone secreted by the pancreas and required by body cells for the uptake and storage of glucose

48
Q

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

A

A form of diabetes mellitus in which the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body is unable to use insulin correctly

49
Q

Insulin Resistance

A

The situation in which body cells fail to respond to the effects of insulin; obesity increases the risk that cells will become insulin resistant

50
Q

Prediabetes

A

The situation in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes

51
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

A form of diabetes mellitus in which women who have never had diabetes have high blood glucose levels during pregnancy

52
Q

Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)

A

A1C test results that gives the average blood glucose levels for the testing period using the same units (milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]) that patients are used to seeing in self-administered glucose tests

Healthful Living (9 decks)

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