Chapter 11 Flashcards
Overweight
Having a body weight more than 10 percent above healthy recommended levels; in an adult, having a BMI of 25 to 29.9
Body Mass Index (BMI)
A number calculated from a person’s weight and height that is used to assess risk for possible present or future health problems
Obesity
Having a body weight more than 20 percent above healthy recommended levels; in an adult, a BMI of 30 or greater
Globesity
Global rates of obesity
Obesogenic
Environmental conditions that promote obesity, such as the availability of unhealthy foods, social and cultural norms that lead to high calorie consumption and lack of physical activity
Weight Stigma
The weight-based acts of stereotyping, discrimination, exclusion, and marginalization experienced by people with overweight or obesity
Satiety
The feeling of fullness or satisfaction at the end of a meal
Ghrelin
Hormone synthesized in the stomach referred to as the “hunger hormone” because it stimulates appetite and food intake
Leptin
Appetite regulator produced by fat cells in mammals
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
The rate of energy expenditure by a body at complete rest in a neutral environment
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
The energy expenditure of the body during daily sedentary activities
Exercise Metabolic Rate (EMR)
The energy expenditure that occurs during physical activity or exercise
Adaptive Thermogenesis
The theoretical mechanism by which the brain regulates metabolic activity according to caloric intake
Yo-yo Dieting
Cycles in which people lose weight on a diet and then regain weight
Set Point Theory
The theory that a form of internal thermostat controls our weight and fights to maintain this weight around a narrowly set range; also called the compensatory theory
Hyperplastic Obesity
A condition characterized by an excessive number of fat cells
Hypertrophy
The act of swelling or increasing in size, as with cells
Gut Microbiome
The community of microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that reside in the human gastrointestinal tract
Essential Fat
Fat that is necessary for maintenance of life and reproductive functions
Storage Fat
Nonessential fat that many of us try to shed. Makes up the remainder of our fat reserves
Underweight
Having a body weight more than 10 percent below healthy recommended levels; in an adult, having a BMI below 18.5
Healthy Weight
A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9, the range of the lowest statistical health risk
Calorie
Unit of measure that indicates the amount of energy gained from food or expended through activity
Very Low-Calorie Diets (VLCDs)
Diets with a daily caloric value of 400 to 800 calories
