Chapter 11

Question 1

Overweight

Answer 1

Having a body weight more than 10 percent above healthy recommended levels; in an adult, having a BMI of 25 to 29.9

Question 2

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 2

A number calculated from a person’s weight and height that is used to assess risk for possible present or future health problems

Question 3

Obesity

Answer 3

Having a body weight more than 20 percent above healthy recommended levels; in an adult, a BMI of 30 or greater

Question 4

Globesity

Answer 4

Global rates of obesity

Question 5

Obesogenic

Answer 5

Environmental conditions that promote obesity, such as the availability of unhealthy foods, social and cultural norms that lead to high calorie consumption and lack of physical activity

Question 6

Weight Stigma

Answer 6

The weight-based acts of stereotyping, discrimination, exclusion, and marginalization experienced by people with overweight or obesity

Question 7

Satiety

Answer 7

The feeling of fullness or satisfaction at the end of a meal

Question 8

Ghrelin

Answer 8

Hormone synthesized in the stomach referred to as the “hunger hormone” because it stimulates appetite and food intake

Question 9

Leptin

Answer 9

Appetite regulator produced by fat cells in mammals

Question 10

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 10

The rate of energy expenditure by a body at complete rest in a neutral environment

Question 11

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Answer 11

The energy expenditure of the body during daily sedentary activities

Question 12

Exercise Metabolic Rate (EMR)

Answer 12

The energy expenditure that occurs during physical activity or exercise

Question 13

Adaptive Thermogenesis

Answer 13

The theoretical mechanism by which the brain regulates metabolic activity according to caloric intake

Question 14

Yo-yo Dieting

Answer 14

Cycles in which people lose weight on a diet and then regain weight

Question 15

Set Point Theory

Answer 15

The theory that a form of internal thermostat controls our weight and fights to maintain this weight around a narrowly set range; also called the compensatory theory

Question 16

Hyperplastic Obesity

Answer 16

A condition characterized by an excessive number of fat cells

Question 17

Hypertrophy

Answer 17

The act of swelling or increasing in size, as with cells

Question 18

Gut Microbiome

Answer 18

The community of microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that reside in the human gastrointestinal tract

Question 19

Essential Fat

Answer 19

Fat that is necessary for maintenance of life and reproductive functions

Question 20

Storage Fat

Answer 20

Nonessential fat that many of us try to shed. Makes up the remainder of our fat reserves

Question 21

Underweight

Answer 21

Having a body weight more than 10 percent below healthy recommended levels; in an adult, having a BMI below 18.5

Question 22

Healthy Weight

Answer 22

A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9, the range of the lowest statistical health risk

Question 23

Calorie

Answer 23

Unit of measure that indicates the amount of energy gained from food or expended through activity

Question 24

Very Low-Calorie Diets (VLCDs)

Answer 24

Diets with a daily caloric value of 400 to 800 calories

Question 25

Ketoacidosis

Answer 25

A buildup of ketones in the blood that makes the blood dangerously acidic