Chapter 2 Flashcards
Science v. Pseudoscience
Science: using scientific method, being open minded, observation, encourages skepticism.
Pseudoscience: claims not presented with facts, lack culminate progress, disregard facts.
Population study
A research group that has a specific interest, whether in boys, girls, POC, non POC, etc. ideally your sample should roughly match the general population.
Representative sample
The information collected from people who represent the group a researcher is interested in
Sampling
The procedure researchers use to obtain participants from a population
Case study
Observing one person over a long period of time, one-on-one
Naturalistic observation
Researcher records behavior in the real world, unbiased, not in a lab.
Survey
Quantitative research, participants asked questions and are given answers like “agree to disagree, on a scale of 1-10”, although people can easily lie.
Replication
The repetition of a study to confirm the results; essential to the scientific method
Confounding variables
Factors that the independent variable may cause the result, however correlation does not always equal causation
Correlational studies
Measure two or more variables and their relationship to one another, does x cause y? Use of independent (manipulated) and dependent (result) variables. Useful when the experimenter cannot manipulate or control the variables
Positive correlation
When one variable increases, the other variable increases as well, meaning both are moving in the same direction
Negative correlation
When two variables have an inverse relationship, meaning as one increases the other decreases. Ex: -1.0
Strong correlation
There is a close relationship between two variables.
Weak correlation
Less noticeable relationship between two variables
Experimental studies
Involve manipulating two variables to test a hypothesis and understand the cause relationship between different factors affecting behavior, participants are randomly assigned to different experimental conditions
