Chapter 3

Question 1

Parts of a neuron and pathway of a signal

Answer 1

A neuron consists of dendrites (receive signals), cell body (soma) where the nucleus is located, and an axon (conducts electrical signals)

Question 2

Action potential

Answer 2

All or non response, the impulse of a positive charge that runs down an axon. The all or non response is how an axon responds to stimulus. The action potential is a full response that travels down the axon away from the cell body and towards the synapse

Question 3

Reuptake

Answer 3

The process of a neuron reabsorbing a neurotransmitter after it has been released across the synapse

Question 4

Sensory neurons

Answer 4

Receive incoming sensory information from the sense organs, eyes, ears, skin, tongue, and nose to bring information to the brain

Question 5

Mirror neurons

Answer 5

Motor and sensory neurons that are active when we observe others performing an action as well as when we perform the same action. This is how we make sense of human experiences and empathy

Question 6

Motor neurons

Answer 6

Carry commands from the brain to the muscles of the body; control movement

Question 7

Diseases associated with these Neurotransmitters

Answer 7

Acetylcholine: neuromuscular moment, Alzheimer’s

Dopamine: feelings of pleasure and reward, depression, schizophrenia, drug addiction

Serotonin: role in a wide range of behaviors and emotional states, anxiety, depression

Question 8

CNS

Answer 8

Central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

The branch of the automatic nervous system that activates bodily systems in times of emergency, flight or fight

Question 10

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

A branch of the automatic nervous system that usually relaxes the body, at a restful state

Question 11

Thyroid gland

Answer 11

A butterfly shaped gland in the neck responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body’s functions including, metabolism and growth and development

Question 12

Brain stem

Answer 12

The part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord, controls functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, hearing, walking

Question 13

Cerebellum

Answer 13

A hindbrain structure involved in body movement, balance, coordination, fine-tuning motor skills, and cognitive activities

Question 14

Hippocampus

Answer 14

A limbic structure that wraps itself around the thalamus; plays a vital role in learning and memory

Question 15

Four lobes of the brain and their functions

Answer 15

Frontal lobe: from brain, problem solving, judgment, personality

Temporal lobe: lover front, understanding language, organization, memory, hearing

Parietal lobe: top brain, sense of touch, taste, smell, reading

Occipital lobe: visual perception, visual interpretation

Question 16

Phineas Gage

Answer 16

Railroad worker stuck with iron bar in the frontal lobe and his personality changed

Question 17

Neuroplasticity

Answer 17

The brains ability to adopt new functions, reorganize itself, or make new neural connections throughout life. Strongest in infancy and decreases with age

Question 18

Split brain procedure

Answer 18

A surgical procedure that cuts the corpus callosum, the nerve fiber that connects two hemispheres of the brain. Performed to treat epilepsy that affects both sides of the brain

Question 19

Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 19

A strip of the parietal lobe involved in the processing and resection of sensory information from the body, touch, pressure, pain