Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is the difference between a Cation and Anion?
Anion gains an electron and acquires a surplus negative charge. A Cation loses electrons and is left with an excess of positive charge
What is the difference between Compounds and Molecules?
A molecule is a chemical particle of 2 or more atoms which can be different or identical. A Compound is a molecule with 2 DIFFERENT atoms
What are ionic bonds?
- Attraction of cation to an anion.
- weak and dissociate easily in the presence of something more attractive such as water.
- e.g. Na and Cl to form table salt
What are covalent bonds?
Formed by the sharing of electrons
What is considered the strongest of chemical bonds?
nonpolar covalent bonds
What is considered the weakest of chemical bonds?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the properties of water?
- Solvent
- Adhesion
- Cohesion
- Thermal Stability – Resistance to temperature changes; stabilize body temperatures and serves as effective coolant
- Chemical Reactivity – ability to participate in chemical reactions
pH is a measure derived from concentration of _____?
H+
What are the 4 main categories of Larger organic molecules of life?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
Stach is considered a ______?
Polymer
What is dehydration synthesis?
Process joining monomers to polymers in cells. Hydrogen removed from one monomer and Hydroxyl removed from another monomer
What is Hydrolysis?
Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis. A water molecule ionizes into OH and H. The cell breaks a covalent bond linking one monomer to another and adds the H to one monomer and the OH to the other one. All chemical digestion consists of hydrolysis reactions
What are the simplest carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
- 3 most important are glucose, fructose, and galactose
What are the 3 most important Dissacharides?
Sucrose, lactose and maltose
What are the 3 important polysaccharides?
Glycogen, Starch, and Cellulose
