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Bio 112 > Chapter 17 Lab > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Lab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the digestive tract and what does it include?

A

Tube extending from mouth to anus

  • mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small and large intestine
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2
Q

What makes up gastrointestinal tract?

A

Stomach and intestines only

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3
Q

What are the Accessory organs?

A

Teeth, Tongue, salivary glands, Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

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4
Q

What are Mesenteries?

A
  • Connective Tissue Sheets
  • Loosely suspend stomach and intestines to abdominal wall
  • Hold abdominal viscera in proper relationship
  • Prevent small intestine from becoming tangled
  • Provide passage for blood vessels and nerves supplying tract
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5
Q

What are some mouth functions?

A

Ingestion, Taste, Chewing, Mechanical/Chemical digestion, Swallowing, Speech, and Respiration

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6
Q

What tissue lines the mouth?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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7
Q

What tissue covers the tongue?

A

Nonkeratinized Squamous Epithelium

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8
Q

What does the Palate do?

A

Separates oral cavity from the nasal cavity

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9
Q

What are the parts of the palate?

A

Hard Palate –> Anterior Portion; consists of horizontal plates of maxillae and palentine bones; covered by mucous membrane

Soft Palate –> Posterior portion; spongy with glandular tissue and skeletal muscle

  • Uvula –> conical projection at rear
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10
Q

What is the function of Dentition (Teeth) ?

A

Break food into smaller pieces –makes it easier to swallow and speeds up chemical digestion

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11
Q

From the midline to the rear what are the kinds of teeth?

A

2 incisors (bite off food), canine (punctures and shred it), 2 premolars and up to 3 molars (crush, shred, and grind food)

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12
Q

What are the regions of the tooth?

A

Crown –> portion above the gingiva (Gum)

Root –> Portion in tooth socket below the gum

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13
Q

What is Dentine?

A
  • Hard living connective tissue in calcified matrix
  • Composes most of tooth
  • CAN Regenerate if damaged
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14
Q

What is Enamel?

A
  • Non-living hardened secretion
  • Covers Dentine in Crown
  • CANNOT regenerate
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15
Q

What is Cementum?

A
  • Covers tooth root
  • Living connective tissue
  • cells embedded in calcified matrix
  • can regenerate if damaged
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16
Q

What is pulp?

A
  • Loose connective tissue, blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
  • occupy crown internally and root canal in root
17
Q

What is saliva and what are it’s functions?

A
  • Watery solution of mucus, enzymes, and electrolytes
  • FUNCTIONS: Moistens mouth, cleanses teeth, inhibits bacterial growth and dissolves molecules, and lubricates food and binds particles
18
Q

What are the 3 Salivary Glands?

A

Parotid Glands –> just beneath skin, anterior to ear lobes

Submandibular Glands –> Along medial side of mandible body

Sublingual Glands –> Located in floor of mouth

19
Q

What does the Pharynx do?

A

Connects oral cavity to the esophagus

connects nasal cavity to larynx

20
Q

The Pharynx consists of 2 layers what are they?

A
  • deep layer of longitudinal skeletal muscle

- superficial layer of circular skeletal muscle (force food downward when swallowing)

21
Q

What is the stomach and what does it do?

A
  • muscular sac in upper left abdominal cavity
  • Food storage unit
  • breaks up food particles
  • liquifies food
  • begins chemical digestion of proteins and fat
  • Produces semi digested food, “chyme”
22
Q

What are the 4 stomach regions?

A
  • Cardiac Region –> immediately inside cardiac orifice
  • Fundic Region –> Superior dome nestling against diaphragm
  • Body –> Greatest part of stomach distal to cardiac orifice
  • Pyloric Region –> Narrower pouch at inferior end. Terminates at pylorus (narrow passage into duodenum). surrounded by pyloric sphincter
23
Q

What is the Liver?

A
  • Gland immediately inferior to diaphragm
  • Fills most of right hypochondriac and epigastric regions.
  • Body’s larges gland weighing 3 lbs
24
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the Liver?

A

Left, Right, Quadrate, and Caudate

25
Q

What is the Gallbladder?

A
  • Pear-shaped sac on liver underside
  • stores and concentrates bile
  • Lined by simple columnar epithelium
26
Q

What is the Pancreas?

A

Spongy, Retroperitoneal gland, between posterior body wall and lower stomach, and is an Exocrine AND Endocrine gland.

27
Q

The pancreatic juice is secreted by exocrine portion or endocrine portion?

A

Exocrine portion

28
Q

What is the longest part of the digestive tract

A

The small intestine

29
Q

When we say the Small intestine is small what are we referring to?

A

The diameter

30
Q

How is the Small intestine divided?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, and ileum

Bio 112 (19 decks)

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