Chapter 2

Question 1

Mary Parker Follett (1910) on Managing

Answer 1

the art of getting things done through people.

Question 2

Henri Fayol (1916) Four Functions

Answer 2

Planning, Organizing, Commanding (leading), Controling

Question 3

Theory X

Answer 3

Scientific Management (classical era) focuses on the processes, mechanizing and optimizing systems

Question 4

Theory Y

Answer 4

Human Relations Era, focus on participation and motivation

Question 5

Theory Z

Answer 5

Japan based, group theory and team work, not managers

Question 6

Henry Mintzberg on Managers Roles

Answer 6

Interpersonal, Informational, Decisional

Question 7

Henry Mintzberg’s Plane

Answer 7

People, Action, Information

Question 8

The Hawthorne Effect

Answer 8

indicates workers performance improves when given positive attention

Question 9

Herbert Simon’s Bounded Rationality

Answer 9

recognizes management is limited by lack of information and limited cognitive ability.

Question 10

Hegel’s Dialetics

Answer 10

Thesis, Anti-Thesis, Synthesis

Question 11

Unity of Command

Answer 11

Henri Fayol’s Principle of management that states each organizational employee reprts to only one superior.

Question 12

Unity of Direction

Answer 12

Fayol’s Principle of Management that states managers and employees should be guided by a single plan of action.

Question 13

Scalar Chain

Answer 13

is a management principle that says organizations should have a chain of authority that extends top to bottom of its hierarchy that includes every employee.

Question 14

Systems ananlysis

Answer 14

is an approach used to analyze complex problems that cannot be solved by intuition, straightforward mathematics, or simple experience

Question 15

Management science

Answer 15

is a subfeild of management that aids in planning and decision making by providing sophisticated quantitative techniques to help managers make optimal use of organizational resources.

Question 16

Systems theory

Answer 16

is a subfield of management that aids in planning and decision making by highlighting manager’s unique responsibilities and vantage points in overseeing the entire organization.

Question 17

Contingency theory

Answer 17

is a subfield of management thoery that suggests that there is a fit between organizational structures and systems, technology, and the larger environment.

Question 18

Operations research

Answer 18

is a subfield of management science that emphasizes mathematical model building.

Question 19

Operations Management

Answer 19

is a form of applied management science that uses quantitative techniques to help managers make decisions that allow organizations to produce goods and services more efficiently.

Question 20

Closed Systems

Answer 20

a way of managing which considers the organization as a self-contained unit.

Question 21

Open Systems

Answer 21

a way of managing that places the organization within the larger environment, which inputs (resources) and outputs (markets) accounted for.

Question 22

Synergy

Answer 22

occurs when two or more systems are more successful working together than independently.

Question 23

Entropy

Answer 23

is the tendency of an organization to fail because it is unable to acquire inputs and energy required to survive.

Question 24

Bounded Rationality (Herbert Simon)

Answer 24

there is no one best way, management practices is limited by lack of information and limited cognitive ability.

Question 25

Mechanistic Structure

Answer 25

characterized by written rules and procedures and top down hierarchy. Very Standardized, Specialized, Centralized, Departmentalized.

Question 26

Organic Structure

Answer 26

characterized by decentralized authority, flexibility, and less rigid rules. Less S,S,C,D.

Question 27

Strategic Choice Theory (Child)

Answer 27

managers influenced by their values, make three key decisions regarding organizational performance standards, domain, and organizational design.

Question 28

Dominant Coalition

Answer 28

managers that make these strategic decisions

Question 29

Industry

Answer 29

refers to a subset of organizations that can be grouped together because they are active in the same branch of the economy.

Question 30

Scripts

Answer 30

learned frameworks that provide direction for people by helping them interpret and respond to situations.

Question 31

Institutionalization

Answer 31

means that practises are accepted or seen as valuable in and off themselves, even though they may not be rational for the org.

Question 32

Social Reconstruction of Reality

Answer 32

occurs when something is perceived as an objective reality, even though its meaning has been created by humans and should be re-created.

Question 33

Cooperative

Answer 33

organization that is owned by its members.