Chapter 2

Question 1

table listing each category of data and the number of occurrences for each category - used for qualitative data

Answer 1

frequency distribution

Question 2

proportion (percent) of observations within a category (frequency divided by sum of all frequencies)

Answer 2

relative frequency

Question 3

bar graph whose bars are drawn in decreasing order of frequency / relative frequency

Answer 3

Pareto chart

Question 4

bar graph where bars touch each other, height of each bar represents the frequency / relative frequency of each class

Answer 4

histogram

Question 5

graph that shows each class horizontally in increasing order and places a dot above them for each observation

Answer 5

dot plot

Question 6

highest frequency occurs in the middle and frequencies tail off to the left and right of the middle (symmetric)

Answer 6

bell-shaped distribution

Question 7

frequency of each value is evenly spread across the graph - every value is same

Answer 7

uniform distribution

Question 8

graph in which the digits to the left of the rightmost data value (“stem”) are separated from the rightmost digit (“leaf”) on a vertical column - leaves are listed together, corresponding to stem

Answer 8

stem-and-leaf plot

Question 9

graph that uses points, connected by line segments, to represent frequencies for classes - plotting a point above each class midpoint on the horizontal axis, with height equal to its frequency

Answer 9

frequency polygon

Question 10

the sum of consecutive lower class limits divided by 2

Answer 10

midpoint

Question 11

displays aggregate frequency of category - total number of observations less than or equal to the upper class limit

Answer 11

cumulative frequency distribution

Question 12

displays the proportion (percentage) of observations less than or equal to the upper class limit

Answer 12

cumulative relative frequency distribution

Question 13

graph in which x-coordinates are upper class limits and y-coordinates are cumulative frequencies / cumulative relative frequencies of the class, connected by line segments

Answer 13

ogive

Question 14

graph that plots the time in which a variable is measured on the horizontal axis and the corresponding value of the variable on the vertical axis, connected by line segments

Answer 14

time-series plot

Question 15

graphs that use pictures to represent data - often misleading

Answer 15

pictograms