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Motor Behavior > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord, controls movement, thoughts/perception/emotions

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves that branch out from brain and spinal cord, communication channel between CNS to limbs/organs

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3
Q

The brain regions

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brain stem

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4
Q

Cerebrum

A

DOF/Serial Order
- higher control functions
- learning/reasoning/planning
- coordination
- control perception and integrate sensory info

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5
Q

Brain stem

A

Perception-Motor Integration
- pathway to carry sensory info
- vision/vestibular/proprioception

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6
Q

Diencephalon

A

Perception-Motor Integration
- relay sensory info
- produce and regulate neurochemicals (homeostasis)

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7
Q

Cerebellum

A

DOF/Perception-Motor Integration
- coordination
- learning motor skills
- muscle control

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8
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Grey matter, skilled movement of muscle groups on opposite side of body
1. Frontal lobe: voluntary movement
2. Parietal lobe: control perception and sensory info integration
3. Occipital lobe: visual perception
4. Temporal lobe: memory, abstract thought, judgement

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9
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Provide signal for skilled movement, coordination and movement initiation

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10
Q

Supplementary motor cortex

A

Control rhythmic sequential movement by preparing/organizing the movement

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11
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Organization of movements before they are initiated, enables the transitioning between sequential movement

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12
Q

Homunculus

A

Different sizes represent density of receptors, larger density of receptors reflect dexterity of body segment

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13
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Start/stop movement, control force
- Parkinson’s disease: tremors, freeze of gait, difficult initiation
- Huntingtons disease: unintended dance like movement, difficult termination

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14
Q

Spinal cord

A

Send signal to motor efferent, send sensory affront signal, reflex action
- Dorsal (posterior) horns: cells transmit sensory (afferent) information
- Ventral (anterior) horns: contains motor (efferent) neurons whose axons terminate on skeletal muscles

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15
Q

Motor neuron

A
  • Dendrites: receive info from other neurons
  • Myeline sheath: allow electrical impulses to transmit quickly (damage: multiple sclerosis)
  • Axon (nerve fiber): there is only one axon per neurons, branches called collaterals
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16
Q

Factors of Movement control

A

Reaction time
Attention
Arousal and anxiety
Memory

17
Q

Reaction time

A

Time between presentation of stimulus and initiation of motor response (speed to make decision)

18
Q

Movement time

A

Time from initiation to completion of movement

19
Q

Response time

A

Reaction time + movement time

20
Q

Simple reaction

A

1 stimulus and 1 response

21
Q

Choice reaction

A

2+ stimuli and each has a different reaction

22
Q

Psychological Refractory Period

A

2 stimuli presented in quick succession with both requiring different responses, first response delays the response to second
Ex: faking out in basketball

23
Q

Stimulus-Response Compatibility

A

When compatible:
- reaction time is shorter
- errors are decreased
- learning is faster
Ex: visual feedback during rehab, stroop test

24
Q

Single-channel filter theory

A

Tasks are done in serial order and a bottleneck in information processing can occur, can perform simultaneous tasks if they aren’t the same processing resource

25
Q

Central-resource capacity theory

A

Info processing capacity can expand based on individual, task, situation; total pool of effort that can be distributed

26
Q

Multiple-resource theory

A

Modalities: movement, speech, etc
Stages of info processing: perception, decision making, etc.
codes of processing info: verbal or spatial codes

27
Q

Focus

A

Direction: endogenous (in person) vs. exogenous (environment)
Width: narrow (specific cues) vs. broad (larger context)

28
Q

Arousal

A

Physiological and psychological activation ranging from deep sleep to intense excitement

29
Q

Anxiety

A

Negative emotional state associated with activation of the body

30
Q

Short-term memory

A

20-30 secs unless rehearsed
- phonological
- Visuospatial
- central executive

31
Q

Long-term memory

A

Relatively permanent
- procedural: how to do things
- semantic: meaning of words
- episodic: events

32
Q

Working memory

A
  • Retrieves info from long term memory
  • Temporary store recently presented decision
  • Problem solving
  • Decision making
  • Movement production
33
Q

Exteroception

A

Info about environment related to the body
- vision
- audition
- vestibular
- somatosensation

34
Q

Proprioception

A

Info about where body is in space/ where body parts are to another
- joint receptors
- muscle spindles & golgi tendon organs
- cutaneous receptors

Motor Behavior (7 decks)

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