Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Terms > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adip/o

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anter/o

A

before, front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

caud/o

A

lower part of body, tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cephal/o

A

head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

end- / endo-

A

in, within, inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

exo-

A

out of, outside, away from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

-ology

A

the science or study of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

path/o

A

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

-plasia

A

development, growth, formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

poster/o

A

behind, toward the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-stasis

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains the major organs of digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue or a gland or gland-like structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anaplasia

A

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other; characteristic of most cancerous tumor formations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structures of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anomaly

A

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

anterior

A

situated in the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

aplasia

A

a defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
ex: aplastic anemia – body not producing enough new blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

autopsy

A

a postmortem examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids; these infected fluids must enter the blood stream to cause infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower part of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

chromosome

A

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

communicable disease

A

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects; aka contagious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

congenital disorder

A

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cytoplasm

A

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

dorsal

A

the back of the organ or body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

dysplasia

A

the abnormal development or growth of cells, or the presence of abnormal cells within a type of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

endemic

A

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

endocrine glands

A

produce hormones, do not have ducts; secreted directly into the bloodstream and then are transported to organs and structures throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

epidemic

A

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

epigastric region

A

located above the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

etiology

A

the study of the causes of diseases or abnormal conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
ex: salivary, mammary, and sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

functional disorder

A

a condition that produced physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified; aka non-organic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

genetic disorder

A

(aka hereditary disease) a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

geriatrician

A

a physician who specializes in the care of older people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

hemophilia

A

a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

histology

A

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

homeostasis

A

the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

hypertrophy

A

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size of cells in the tissues (BUT NOT NUMBER); ex is muscle hypertrophy which is desired response to weight lifting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

hypogastric region

A

located below the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

hypoplasia

A

the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

an unfavourable response due to prescribed medical treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

idiopathic disease

A

any disease without a known cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

infectious disease

A

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

medial

A

the direction toward, or, nearer the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

mesentery

A

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall (holding it in place)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

midsagittal plane

A

(aka midline), the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

nosocomial infection

A

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

pandemic

A

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, sometimes even worldwide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

pathology

A

the study of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

peritoneum

A

a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions of the structures of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back or on the back part of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum
ex: location of the kidneys is retroperitoneal with one on each side of the spinal column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

syndrome

A

a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

thoracic cavity

A

also known as chest cavity or thorax; surround and protects the heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

transverse plane

A

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

umbilicus

A

commonly known as the belly button or navel, this pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

the spread of certain disease through blood-sucking vectors (ex: flies, mites, fleas, ticks, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

ventral

A

refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

body system

A

when body parts work together to perform related function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

body planes

A

imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes

78
Q

frontal plane

A

divides the body into anterior or ventral (front) and posterior or dorsal (back) portions

79
Q

a vertical plane

A

an up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon

80
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into UNEQUAL left and right portions

81
Q

a horizontal plane

A

a flat, crosswise plane, such as the horizon

82
Q

lateral

A

direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline

83
Q

superior

A

uppermost, above, or toward the head

84
Q

inferior

A

lowermost, below, or toward the feet

85
Q

body cavities

A

spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs

86
Q

dorsal cavity

A

located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the NS that coordinate body functions and is divided into 2 portions (cranial cavity and spinal cavity)

87
Q

cranial cavity

A

located within the skull; surrounds and protects the brain

88
Q

spinal cavity

A

located within the spinal column; surrounds and protects the spinal cord

89
Q

ventral cavity

A

located along the front of the body; contains organs that sustain homeostasis; divided into 3 portions: thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

90
Q

home/o

A

constant

91
Q

chondr/i

A

cartilage

92
Q

umbilical region

A

surrounds the umbilicus

93
Q

ili

A

hip bone

94
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

the OUTER layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

95
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

the INNER layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

96
Q

cells

A

the basic structural and functional units of the body; specialized and grouped together to form tissues and rogans

97
Q

cytology

A

the study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

98
Q

cytologist

A

a specialist in the study and analysis of cells

99
Q

cell membrane

A

tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment

100
Q

nucleus

A

surrounded by the nuclear membrane; controls activities of the cell, and helps it divide

101
Q

adult (somatic) stem cells

A

undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ

102
Q

undifferentiated

A

not having a specialized function or structure

103
Q

differentiated

A

having a specialized function or structure

104
Q

embryonic stem cells

A

undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell; have the important ability to form any adult cell

105
Q

gene

A

fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

106
Q

genetics

A

study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease

107
Q

dominant gene

A

inherited from either parent, the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristic

108
Q

recessive gene

A

if inherited from both parents, the offspring will have that condition; if inherited from only one parent the offspring will not have the condition

109
Q

genome

A

complete set of genetic information of an organism

110
Q

somatic cell

A

any cell in the body except gametes; contain 46 chromosomes

111
Q

gamete

A

aka sex cell; only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes

112
Q

genetic mutation

A

a change of the sequence of a DNA molecules

113
Q

genetic engineering

A

manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes

114
Q

epithelial tissue

A

forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body; also form glands

115
Q

epithelium

A

the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

116
Q

endothelium

A

the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

117
Q

connective tissues

A

support and connect organs and other body tissues

118
Q

dense connective tissue

A

bone and cartilage; form the joins and framework of the body

119
Q

adipose tissue

A

(fat) provides protective padding, insulation, and support

120
Q

loose connective tissue

A

holds organs in place and binds tissue together

121
Q

fluid connective tissue

A

blood and lymph; transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body

122
Q

muscle tissue

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

123
Q

nerve tissue

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

124
Q

gland

A

group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

125
Q

adenitis

A

inflammation of a gland

126
Q

carcin

A

cancerous

127
Q

-oma

A

tumor

128
Q

adenosis

A

any disease or condition of a gland

129
Q

major body systems

A

skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune

129
Q

pathologist

A

physician who specializes in the laboratory analysis of diseased tissue samples to confirm or establish diagnosis

130
Q

direct transmission

A

when there is human-to-human contact in the form of touch or the exchange of bodily fluids

131
Q

droplet transmission

A

spread of infected respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing into a nearby person

132
Q

indirect contact transmission

A

susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface

133
Q

airborne transmission

A

contact with pathogens floating in the air

134
Q

food-borne and waterborne transmission

A

aka fecal-oral; caused by eating or drinking contaminate food or water not properly treated to remove/kill pathogens

135
Q

epidemiologist

A

specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

136
Q

epi-

A

above

137
Q

dem/i

A

population

138
Q

organic disorder

A

produces symptoms that are detectable physical changes in the body

139
Q

congenital

A

existing at birth

140
Q

developmental disorder

A

aka birth defect; can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or presence of an extra toe

141
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

result of a mother’s consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy; characterized by the baby’s physical and behavioural traits - growth abnormalities, mental retardation, brain damage, and socialization difficulties

142
Q

premature birth

A

birth occurs earlier than 37th week

143
Q

birth injuries

A

disorders that occur as a result of trauma during labor or delivery

144
Q

geriatrics

A

study of the medical problems and care of older people; aka gerontology

145
Q

postmortem

A

after death

146
Q

living will

A

aka Physicians orders for life-sustaining treatment; a document that allows a person to state their wishes for end of life medical care

147
Q

health care proxy (HCP)

A

aka durable power of attorney for health care; an advance directive allowing the person to appoint a trusted person to make treatment decisions should the patient be unable to

148
Q

do not resuscitate order (DNR)

A

aka no code or allow natural death; legal document stating that a person does not wish to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a patient’s heart or breathing stop

149
Q

general practitioner (GP)

A

aka family practice physician; provides ongoing care for patients of all ages

150
Q

internist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems

151
Q

pediatrician

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of infants and children

152
Q

nurse practitioner (NP)

A

nurse with graduate training who often works as a primary care provider

153
Q

physician assistant (PA)

A

licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician

154
Q

medical receptionist

A

schedules and registers patients for appointments and may also work as a medical assistant

155
Q

medical assistant

A

performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor’s office, such as coding patients’ medical information, measuring a patient’s vital signs, administering injections, and drawing blood

156
Q

certified medical assistant (CMA)

A

medical assistant certified through the American Association of Medical Assistants

157
Q

medical coder

A

reviews patients’ medical records for insurance purposes, assigning codes for treatment and services based on universal alphanumeric codes for medical diagnoses, equipment, and procedures

158
Q

emergency room (ER)

A

focuses on diagnosing and treating life-threatening emergency medical conditions

159
Q

emergency physician

A

doctor who specializes in high-acuity medicine in the ER

160
Q

emergency medical technician (EMT)

A

licensed health care professional who works in a pre-hospital setting on an ambulance, or in an emergency room

161
Q

registered nurse (RN)

A

licensed health care professional who works in a variety of health care settings. RNs assess patients and provide care following a doctor’s orders

162
Q

licensed vocational nurse (LVN) or licensed practical nurse (LPN)

A

works under the supervision of a doctor or RN to provide basic patient care

163
Q

certified nursing assistant (CNA)

A

works under the supervision of a RN to provide basic patient care

164
Q

pharmacist

A

licensed medical professional who dispenses prescribed medication to patients

165
Q

intensive care unit (ICU)

A

provides continuously monitored care for critically ill patients

166
Q

intensivist

A

physician specializing in the care of critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU

167
Q

hospitalist

A

physician focusing on the general medical care of hospitalized patients

168
Q

telemetry unit

A

provides continuous cardiac monitoring for patients with heart problems not requiring intensive care

169
Q

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

genetic disorder present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems

170
Q

down syndrome (DS)

A

aka trisomy 21; genetic variation associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities

171
Q

fragile X syndrome

A

caused by changes in the MR1 gene that usually makes a protein needed for normal brain development

172
Q

huntington’s disease

A

genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child; causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife.

173
Q

marfan syndrome

A

disorder affecting the connective tissue throughout the body, including the heart, eyes, blood vessels and musculoskeletal system.

174
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement

175
Q

phenylketonuria

A

rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.

176
Q

A & P

A

anatomy and physiolgy

177
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

178
Q

GP

A

general practitioner

179
Q

HD

A

Huntington’s disease

180
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

181
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

182
Q

PA

A

physician assistant

183
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

184
Q

RUQ

A

right upper

185
Q

abbreviation for chromosome

A

Chr

186
Q

PKU

A

Phenylketonuria

187
Q

HD

A

Huntington’s disease

188
Q

DS

A

down syndrome

189
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

Med Terms (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions