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Med Terms > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor

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2
Q

neurologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the nervous system

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3
Q

psychiastrist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness

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4
Q

psychologist

A

has a doctoral degree (PhD or PsyD) but is not a medical doctor. This specialist evaluates and treats emotional problems and mental illness

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5
Q

social worker

A

trained therapist, has a masters or doctoral degree but is not a medical doctor. This specialist evaluates and treats emotional problems and mental illness

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6
Q

cephalalgia

A

aka headache; pain in the head

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7
Q

migraine headache

A

a headache characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head and sometimes preceded by a warning aura; sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound

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8
Q

cluster headaches

A

intensely painful headaches that affect one side of the head and may be associated with tearing of the eyes and nasal congestion; named for their repeated occurrence in groups or clusters

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9
Q

meningitis

A

aka infectious meningitis; inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord; can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection elsewhere in the body; intense headache and flu like symptoms

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10
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain; can be caused by viral infection such as rabies

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11
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

a potentially serious or deadly disorder in children characterized by vomiting and confusion, sometimes following a viral illness for which the child was treated with aspirin

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12
Q

tetanus

A

aka lockjaw; an acute and potentially fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria; can be prevented through immunization

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13
Q

Tourette syndrome (TS)

A

complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances that sometimes include obscenities

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14
Q

dementia

A

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking and judgment that is often accompanied by personality changes

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15
Q

vascular dementia

A

a form of dementia caused by a stroke or other restriction of the flow of blood to the brain

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16
Q

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

A

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language; leading form of dementia; progressive deterioration that affects both memory and reasoning capabilities

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17
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

a genetic disorder that is classified as a neurodegenerative disease

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18
Q

Parkinson’s disease (PD)

A

chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait

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19
Q

tremor

A

a repetitive, involuntary muscle movement usually involving the hands, arms, head, or face

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20
Q

Lewy body dementia

A

occurs when abnormal proteins interfere with cell function in the brain; second most common type of dementia

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21
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

aka Lou Gehrig’s disease; a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

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22
Q

Concussion

A

a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain; may result in temporary loss of awareness and function

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23
Q

level of consciousness (LOC)

A

describe the measurement of response to arousal and stimulus

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24
Q

lethargy

A

a lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy

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25
Q

stupor

A

an unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused only briefly despite vigorous, repeated attempts

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26
Q

syncope

A

aka fainting; the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain

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27
Q

coma

A

a deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and no vocalization

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28
Q

delirium

A

an acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations

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29
Q

stroke

A

properly known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA); brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured

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30
Q

ischemic stroke

A

brain damage that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of an artery; most common type of stroke in older people

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31
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

mini stroke; the temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain

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32
Q

aphasia

A

often caused by brain damage associated with a stroke, is the loss of the ability to speak, write, and/or comprehend the written or spoken word

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33
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

aka a bleed; damage to the brain that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks; also occurs when an aneurysm within the brain ruptures

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34
Q

insomnia

A

the prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep

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35
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath; this scars the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves and disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses

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36
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the affected side of the face

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37
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

A

an inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that can lead to temporary paralysis

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38
Q

sciatica

A

inflammation of the sciatic nerve caused by pressure on the nerve roots that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the affected nerve

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39
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

a chronic pain condition characterized by severe, lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve; these sudden, intense, brief attacks of sharp pain affect the cheek, lips, and gums only on the side of the face innervated by the affected nerve

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40
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

a group of disorders characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurologic deficiencies due to damage that affects the cerebrum

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41
Q

epilepsy

A

a chronic neurologic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity

42
Q

seizure

A

a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time

43
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord, producing pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles

44
Q

restless legs syndrome (RLS)

A

a neurological disorder of unknown cause characterized by uncomfortable feelings in the legs, producing a strong urge to move them

45
Q

anxiety disorders

A

mental condition characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation

46
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

characterized by chronic, excessive worrying;

47
Q

panic attack

A

an unexpected, sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as shortness of breath and palpitations

48
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

may develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else, during which the person felt intense fear, helplessness, or horror

49
Q

phobia

A

a persistent, irrational fear of a specific thing or situation, strong enough to cause significant distress, to interfere with functioning, and to lead to the avoidance of the thing or situation that causes this reaction

50
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

a mental condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions

51
Q

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

characterized by a short attention span and impulsive behavior that is inappropriate for the child’s developmental age.

52
Q

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

a condition with different levels of symptom severity in which a person has difficulty developing normal social relationships and a condition with different levels of symptom severity in which a young child has difficulty developing normal social relationships and communication skills, may compulsively follow repetitive routines, and has narrowly focused, intense interests that are sometimes unusual

53
Q

bipolar disorder

A

condition characterized by cycles of severe mood changes shifting between highs (manic behavior, sometimes including a feeling of euphoria, meaning intense happiness and excitement) and severe lows (depression) that affect a person’s attitude, energy, and ability to functio

54
Q

manic behaviour

A

an abnormally elevated mood of euphoria, including inappropriate elation, increased irritability, severe insomnia, poor judgment, and inappropriate social behavior.

55
Q

depression

A

common mood disorder characterized by lethargy and sadness, as well as the loss of interest or pleasure in normal activities

56
Q

psychotic disorder

A

characterized by the loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal social functioning

57
Q

substance abuse

A

the addictive use of tobacco, alcohol, medications, or illegal drugs

58
Q

gender dysphoria

A

condition where a person’s sex at birth does not match the gender with which they currently identify, potentially causing significant amounts of stress

59
Q

psychotropic drug

A

acts primarily on the central nervous system, where it produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior

60
Q

delirium tremens (DTs)

A

a disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol

61
Q

caus/o

A

burning, burn

62
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, brain

63
Q

concuss/o

A

shaken together, violently agitated

64
Q

contus/o

A

bruise

65
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

66
Q

-esthesia

A

feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception

67
Q

esthet/o

A

feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception

68
Q

-mania

A

madness

69
Q

mening/o

A

membranes, meninges

70
Q

neur/i, neur/o

A

nerve, nerve tissue

71
Q

-phasia

A

speak or speech

72
Q

psych/o

A

root or nerve root

73
Q

-tropic

A

having an affinity for

74
Q

acrophobia

A

an excessive fear of heights

75
Q

anesthetic

A

medication used to induce anesthesia

76
Q

anesthetist

A

a medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician, for example, a nurse anesthetist

77
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to an inability to maintain a healthy body weight

78
Q

carotid ultrasonography

A

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery performed to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke

79
Q

causalgia

A

persistent, severe, burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve

80
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the skull

81
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

82
Q

claustrophobia

A

abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces

83
Q

cognition

A

the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory

84
Q

cranial hematoma

A

a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

85
Q

delusion

A

a false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary

86
Q

dura mater

A

the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges. Dura means hard, and mater means mother

87
Q

dyslexia

A

a learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols correctly

88
Q

electroencephalography

A

the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp

89
Q

epidural anesthesia

A

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine

90
Q

factitious disorder

A

a condition in which a person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick

91
Q

hallucination

A

a sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation

92
Q

hydrocephalus

A

a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles of the brain

93
Q

hyperesthesia

A

a condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli.

94
Q

meningocele

A

the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

95
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord; inflammation of bone marrow

96
Q

myelography

A

a fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture

97
Q

narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day

98
Q

parasomnia

A

general term for several categories of sleep disorders that occur while falling asleep, during sleep, or while waking from sleep

99
Q

paresthesia

A

a burning or prickling sensation with no apparent physical cause that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet but can also occur in other parts of the body

100
Q

schizophrenia

A

a psychotic disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations

101
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

syndrome that results from a child being violently shaken by someone

Med Terms (6 decks)

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