Chapter 2, 10 - Sleep, Dreams, and Emotions

Question 1

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Answer 1

• stage of sleep that is characterized by rapid eye movement and brain wave patterns that resemble those for an awake state and in which most dreaming occurs

Question 2

paradoxical sleep

Answer 2

• what REM sleep is sometimes referred to as, because the bodily muscles are immobilized but much of the brain is highly active

Question 3

stages of sleep

Answer 3

• there are 4 stages of sleep
  1 - beta: beginning to fall asleep
  2 - alpha: light sleep, sleep spindles (burst of activity)
  3 - theta: transitional sleep period, delta waves (less than 50% is delta activity)
  4 - delta: deepest sleep
  REM sleep: when dreaming occurs, active breain

Question 4

sleep debt

Answer 4

• suppresses immune system, impairs concentration, general feelings of weakness/discomfort, hallucinations
• when we finally sleep: repay the debt, REM rebound

Question 5

activation synthesis theory

Answer 5

• dreams are a byproduct of physiological processes

- images are random, but the brain tries to make sense of them (why dreams are usually strange)

Question 6

manifest content

Answer 6

• Freud’s term

- literal surface meaning of dreams

Question 7

Latent content

Answer 7

• Freud’s term

- underlying true meaning of the tream

Question 8

Three components of emotion

Answer 8

1 - physical component: [state of physiological arousal]
2 - behavioral component: [outward expression (facial gestures)]
3 - cognitive component: [appraisal of the situation to determine emotion (and intensity)]

Question 9

James-Lange Theory

Answer 9

• physiological arousal occurs first

Question 10

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 10

physiological arousal and the emotion occur simultaneously

Question 11

Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

Answer 11

• emotion is determined by cognitive appraisal of the physiological arousal and the entire environmental situation

Question 12

Ekman’s six basic emotions

Answer 12

1 - happy
2 - anger
3 - sad
4 - disgusted
5 - fear
6 - surprised

Question 13

The facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 13

• James-Lange

- if we smile, we are likely to feel happy, and if we frown, we are likely to feel sad

Question 14

hypnagogic sleep

Answer 14

sensation of falling