Chapter 19.6 COPD and Asthma-Respiratory System Flashcards
Where does Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refer to?
Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or combination of two
What does COPD cause?
severe difficulties not only in ventilation but also in oxygenation of blood
What is Emphysema caused by?
Caused by destruction and collapse of smaller airways and loss of elastic ability to exhale
Is Barrel chest common?
Yes
What are Chronic bronchitis chracterized by?
Characterized by excessive mucus production in bronchi
Where do Chronic inflammatory in chronic bronchitis change?
in small airways
Cause of obstruction in chronic bronchitis is accumulation of what?
accumulation of mucus in airways and thickening of inflamed airways
What is Asthma characterized by?
intermittent episodes in which
– Airway smooth muscle contracts strongly
– Markedly increasing airway resistance
What is basic defect equal to?
chronic inflammation of airways
What does basic defect cause?
Causes vary incl. allergy, viral infections, and sensitivity to environmental factors
What happens in Underlying inflammation?
Makes airway smooth muscle hyperresponsive and causes it to contract strongly
What are triggers of asthma?
Exercise (especially in cold, dry air),
Cigarette smoke, environmental pollutants, viruses, allergens,
Normally released bronchoconstrictor chemicals
What would first aim of therapy for asthma be?
Reduce chronic inflammation and airway hyper- responsiveness
and use anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly glucocorticoids
What would second aim of therapy for asthma be?
Overcome acute excessive airway smooth muscle contraction
and use bronchodilator drugs, which relax the airways
What would be example of therapy?
One class of bronchodilator drugs mimics normal action of epinephrine on beta-adrenergic (beta-2) receptors
