Chapter 18.12 Components of the Blood-Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is blood composed of?
cells, platelets, and plasma
What is plasma made up of?
water, ions, vitamins
nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids)
hormones, plasma proteins
some dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
waste products (urea and bilirubin)
What percentage is plsma for total blood volume?
About 55 percent
What are some most important ions dissolved in blood plasma?
– Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3-, H+, Mg2+, and Cl–
What are – Na+, K+, Ca2+, HCO3-, H+, Mg2+, and Cl– collectively called?
electrolytes
In what state should electrolytes be in order to maintain functioning of all cells?
They must be in balance, especially nervous system
What is Albumin?
main protein involved in maintaining blood osmolarity – 55% of blood proteins
What do Globulins have?
variety of functions, including enzymes, immune functions (immunoglobulins are antibodies) carrier proteins, and regulatory proteins
What is Fibrinogen related to?
clotting
What are types of Lipoproteins
LDLs (low density lipoproteins) and HDLs(high density lipoproteins)
In what compoenet are hormones in?
They are about 1% of plasma proteins
What are Platelets?
cell fragments derived from thrombocytes in bone marrow
What do platelets have and not have?
No organelles, but do have granules
What are granules for and what are they also called?
They are important in blood clotting and also called coagulation
What is Hemophilia chracterized?
Characterized by deficiencies in clotting factors, usually Factor VIII
What do Vitamin K deficiencies cause?
Decreased synthesis of clotting factors
What does Vitamin K need to have?
healthy gut bacteria (They make vitamin K)
Where do Erythrocytes function?
in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
What are characteristics of Erythrocytes?
Bi-concave disk shape, flexible membrane, and large surface area that favours diffusion
Where does hemoglobin bind and what are they composed of?
binds oxygen and carbon dioxide and composed of four proteins + iron
What are Glycolytic enzymes for?
For making ATP
What are Carbonic anhydrase for?
For converting CO2 into carbonic acid
What is life span of RBCs (red blood cells)
short life span/last only about 120 days
Where are RBCs (red blood cells) synthesized?
in red bone marrow
