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Anatomy 2 > Chapter 19.2 Anatomy of the Respiratory System-Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 19.2 Anatomy of the Respiratory System-Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are two classifications by structure for anatomy of respiratory system?

A

upper respiratory system (up to an including larynx)
lower respiratory system (trachea and below)

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2
Q

What are structures of respiratory system?

A

Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx, larynx and trachea
Lungs
Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs (alveoli)

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3
Q

What are two classifications by function for anatomy of respiratory system?

A

conducting zone (up to and including terminal bronchioles)
respiratory zone(Respiratory bronchioles and below; where gas exchange happens)

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4
Q

What are structures of Nasal Cavity

A
  • External and internal nares
  • Nasal septum
  • Nasal conchae (turbinates) and meatuses
  • Sinuses: frontal, ethmoid, maxillary and sphenoid
  • Olfactory epithelium
  • Soft palate and uvula
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5
Q

What are structures of Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea

A

*Nasopharynx– Eustachian (auditory) tube
* Oropharynx
* Laryngopharynx– Epiglottis
* Larynx (voicebox)– Vocal cords
* Trachea (windpipe)
* Mucous membrane and cilia– Smoking

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6
Q

What is structure of Larynx

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Hyoid bone
  3. Thyrohyoid ligament
  4. Laryngeal prominence
  5. Thyroid cartilage
  6. Vocal ligament
  7. Cricoid cartilage
  8. Tracheal cartilage
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7
Q

What is Epiglottis?

A

It is Elastic cartilage covered with epithelium

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8
Q

What structures is connected to Epiglottis?

A

Thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

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9
Q

What is it that Epiglottis serve for larynx?

A

Serves as lid for larynx

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10
Q

What is function of epiglottis?

A

It Cover larynx during swallowing

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11
Q

What is Arytenoid cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage structures

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12
Q

What structures are connected to Arytenoid cartilage?

A

Connected to True vocal cords which then stimulates pharyngeal muscles

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13
Q

What is Arytenoid cartilage for?

A

Voice production

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14
Q

What is Cricoid cartilage?

A

It is Ring of hyaline cartilage

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15
Q

How does cricoid carilage serve for larynx?

A

It is Inferior wall of larynx

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16
Q

Where is cricoid carilage attached to?

A

Attached to first tracheal cartilage

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17
Q

What components are needed for Sound of speech in larynx?

A

– Vocal cords
– Nasal cavities
– Paranasal sinuses
– Pharynx and larynx

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18
Q

What do Ventricular folds or false vocal cords not produce and serve for?

A

They Do not produce sound and Serve to hold breath against pressure in thoracic cavity

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19
Q

What do Vocal folds or true vocal cords contain?

A

elastic ligaments stretched between pieces of rigid cartilage

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20
Q

What do ‘Muscles attach to cartilage and true vocal cords’ contract and pull?

A

They contract and pull elastic ligaments tight

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21
Q

What do ‘Muscles attach to cartilage and true vocal cords’ move?

A

They Move true vocal cords out into air passageway

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22
Q

What happens to air in ‘muscles attatch to cartliage and true vocal cords’?

A

Air is pushed against vocal cords

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23
Q

What do Muscles attach to cartilage and true vocal cords cause?

A

They Cause vibration = sound

24
Q

What does Greater air pressure would produce?

A

Louder sound

25
What does Tension on vocal cords would do?
It Controls pitch
26
What would pulled tight tension on vocal cords produce?
Pulled taught = vibrate more rapidly = higher pitch
27
What is characteristic of male vocal cords?
They make Thicker sound (male sex hormones)
28
How are lungs separated into lobes by fissures?
Right lung has horizontal & oblique Left lung has oblique
29
How many lobes do each right and left lung have?
Right lung has three lobes Left lung has two lobes
30
What is cardiac notch?
It is on surface of left lung which allows heart to fit in lung to be protected from injury
31
What are three components of pleural cavity and where are lungs contained?
Lungs are contained in pleural cavity and three componenets are: Parietal pleura, Pleural cavity, and Visceral pleura
32
What is trachea protected by?
Protected by C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
33
What happens as bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes
Degree of hyaline cartilage decreases and Smooth muscle increases
34
What is Smooth muscle of bronchioles controlled by?
ANS
35
Where does trachea end at?
Trachea ends at carina
36
Where do Right and left primary bronchi enter
lungs
37
Where does Secondary bronchi serve?
Secondary bronchi serve lobes of lungs
38
Where does Tertiary bronchi serve?
Tertiary bronchi serve lobules of each lobe
39
What components are Conducting Zone
Nose, mouth, pharynx Larynx, trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles
40
What components are Respiratory Zone
Sites of gas exchange Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs
41
What cells are walls for Alveolus
thin alveolar cells
42
What type of cell is alveolus?
Simple squamous epithelial cells (Type I alveolar cells)
43
What is Alveolus acting as?
acts as Main site of gas exchange
44
Where is Alveolar fluid secreted by?
Secreted by surfactant-secreting cells (Type II alveolar cells)
45
What does Alveolar fluid do?
They Keep surface between cells and air moist
46
What does Alveolar fluid include?
includes surfactant
47
What are Alveolar macrophages?
They are Wandering phagocytes
48
What do Alveolar macrophages remove?
Remove fine dust particles and other debris from alveolar spaces
49
What is Alveoli surrounded by
Elastic basement membrane thin layer of connective tissue containing plentiful elastic and reticular fibers Lush network of blood capillaries
50
What layers does Respiratory membrane have?
– Alveolar cells – Epithelial basement membrane – Capillary basement membrane – Endothelial cells of capillary wall
51
How thin is respiratory membrane and what does it permit?
It is very thin: ~0.2 mm wide and it Permits O2 and CO2 to diffuse between blood and alveolar air spaces
52
What is Surfactant produced by?
Produced by Type II Alveolar cells
53
What does surfactant reduce?
It Reduces surface tension in fluid lining alveoli, tendency of alveoli to collapse during exhalating, and pressure needed to expand alveoli when inhaling
54
What would surface tension in smaller alveoli become without surfactant
surface tension in smaller alveoli is greater
55
What would happen to air without surfactant?
Air will flow from smaller alveolus into larger one
56
What would it cause to smaller one without surfactant?
causes smaller one to collapse
57
What does Insufficient surfactant production lead to?
respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies

Anatomy 2 (18 decks)

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