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Anatomy 2 > Chapter 19.2 Anatomy of the Respiratory System-Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 19.2 Anatomy of the Respiratory System-Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are two classifications by structure for anatomy of respiratory system?

A

upper respiratory system (up to an including larynx)
lower respiratory system (trachea and below)

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2
Q

What are structures of respiratory system?

A

Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx, larynx and trachea
Lungs
Bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs (alveoli)

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3
Q

What are two classifications by function for anatomy of respiratory system?

A

conducting zone (up to and including terminal bronchioles)
respiratory zone(Respiratory bronchioles and below; where gas exchange happens)

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4
Q

What are structures of Nasal Cavity

A
  • External and internal nares
  • Nasal septum
  • Nasal conchae (turbinates) and meatuses
  • Sinuses: frontal, ethmoid, maxillary and sphenoid
  • Olfactory epithelium
  • Soft palate and uvula
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5
Q

What are structures of Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea

A

*Nasopharynx– Eustachian (auditory) tube
* Oropharynx
* Laryngopharynx– Epiglottis
* Larynx (voicebox)– Vocal cords
* Trachea (windpipe)
* Mucous membrane and cilia– Smoking

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6
Q

What is structure of Larynx

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Hyoid bone
  3. Thyrohyoid ligament
  4. Laryngeal prominence
  5. Thyroid cartilage
  6. Vocal ligament
  7. Cricoid cartilage
  8. Tracheal cartilage
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7
Q

What is Epiglottis?

A

It is Elastic cartilage covered with epithelium

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8
Q

What structures is connected to Epiglottis?

A

Thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

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9
Q

What is it that Epiglottis serve for larynx?

A

Serves as lid for larynx

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10
Q

What is function of epiglottis?

A

It Cover larynx during swallowing

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11
Q

What is Arytenoid cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage structures

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12
Q

What structures are connected to Arytenoid cartilage?

A

Connected to True vocal cords which then stimulates pharyngeal muscles

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13
Q

What is Arytenoid cartilage for?

A

Voice production

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14
Q

What is Cricoid cartilage?

A

It is Ring of hyaline cartilage

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15
Q

How does cricoid carilage serve for larynx?

A

It is Inferior wall of larynx

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16
Q

Where is cricoid carilage attached to?

A

Attached to first tracheal cartilage

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17
Q

What components are needed for Sound of speech in larynx?

A

– Vocal cords
– Nasal cavities
– Paranasal sinuses
– Pharynx and larynx

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18
Q

What do Ventricular folds or false vocal cords not produce and serve for?

A

They Do not produce sound and Serve to hold breath against pressure in thoracic cavity

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19
Q

What do Vocal folds or true vocal cords contain?

A

elastic ligaments stretched between pieces of rigid cartilage

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20
Q

What do ‘Muscles attach to cartilage and true vocal cords’ contract and pull?

A

They contract and pull elastic ligaments tight

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21
Q

What do ‘Muscles attach to cartilage and true vocal cords’ move?

A

They Move true vocal cords out into air passageway

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22
Q

What happens to air in ‘muscles attatch to cartliage and true vocal cords’?

A

Air is pushed against vocal cords

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23
Q

What do Muscles attach to cartilage and true vocal cords cause?

A

They Cause vibration = sound

24
Q

What does Greater air pressure would produce?

A

Louder sound

25
Q

What does Tension on vocal cords would do?

A

It Controls pitch

26
Q

What would pulled tight tension on vocal cords produce?

A

Pulled taught = vibrate more rapidly = higher pitch

27
Q

What is characteristic of male vocal cords?

A

They make Thicker sound (male sex hormones)

28
Q

How are lungs separated into lobes by fissures?

A

Right lung has horizontal & oblique
Left lung has oblique

29
Q

How many lobes do each right and left lung have?

A

Right lung has three lobes
Left lung has two lobes

30
Q

What is cardiac notch?

A

It is on surface of left lung which allows heart to fit in lung to be protected from injury

31
Q

What are three components of pleural cavity and where are lungs contained?

A

Lungs are contained in pleural cavity and three componenets are: Parietal pleura, Pleural cavity, and Visceral pleura

32
Q

What is trachea protected by?

A

Protected by C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

33
Q

What happens as bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes

A

Degree of hyaline cartilage decreases and Smooth muscle increases

34
Q

What is Smooth muscle of bronchioles controlled by?

A

ANS

35
Q

Where does trachea end at?

A

Trachea ends at carina

36
Q

Where do Right and left primary bronchi enter

A

lungs

37
Q

Where does Secondary bronchi serve?

A

Secondary bronchi serve lobes of lungs

38
Q

Where does Tertiary bronchi serve?

A

Tertiary bronchi serve lobules of each lobe

39
Q

What components are Conducting Zone

A

Nose, mouth, pharynx
Larynx, trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles

40
Q

What components are Respiratory Zone

A

Sites of gas exchange
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs

41
Q

What cells are walls for Alveolus

A

thin alveolar cells

42
Q

What type of cell is alveolus?

A

Simple squamous epithelial cells (Type I alveolar cells)

43
Q

What is Alveolus acting as?

A

acts as Main site of gas exchange

44
Q

Where is Alveolar fluid secreted by?

A

Secreted by surfactant-secreting cells (Type II alveolar cells)

45
Q

What does Alveolar fluid do?

A

They Keep surface between cells and air moist

46
Q

What does Alveolar fluid include?

A

includes surfactant

47
Q

What are Alveolar macrophages?

A

They are Wandering phagocytes

48
Q

What do Alveolar macrophages remove?

A

Remove fine dust particles and other debris from alveolar spaces

49
Q

What is Alveoli surrounded by

A

Elastic basement membrane
thin layer of connective tissue containing plentiful elastic and reticular fibers
Lush network of blood capillaries

50
Q

What layers does Respiratory membrane have?

A

– Alveolar cells
– Epithelial basement membrane
– Capillary basement membrane
– Endothelial cells of capillary wall

51
Q

How thin is respiratory membrane and what does it permit?

A

It is very thin: ~0.2 mm wide and it Permits O2 and CO2 to diffuse between blood and alveolar air spaces

52
Q

What is Surfactant produced by?

A

Produced by Type II Alveolar cells

53
Q

What does surfactant reduce?

A

It Reduces surface tension in fluid lining alveoli,
tendency of alveoli to collapse during exhalating,
and pressure needed to expand alveoli when inhaling

54
Q

What would surface tension in smaller alveoli become without surfactant

A

surface tension in smaller alveoli is greater

55
Q

What would happen to air without surfactant?

A

Air will flow from smaller alveolus into larger one

56
Q

What would it cause to smaller one without surfactant?

A

causes smaller one to collapse

57
Q

What does Insufficient surfactant production lead to?

A

respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies

Anatomy 2 (18 decks)

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