Chapter 19.5 Regulation of Breathing-Respiratory System Flashcards
What is Main regulatory centre for Regulation of Breathing?
medulla oblongata
What does pon help?
Helps to fine-tune breathing and Smooth transition from inhaling to exhaling
What are groups for Medulla oblongata?
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) and Ventral respiratory group (VRG)
What does DRG signal and what muscles are attatched?
Signals inspiratory muscles via phrenic nerve and diaphragm and external intercostals are attatched
What does VRG set?
Sets rhythm – pacemaker cells
What does Upper pons-pneumotaxic centre modulate?
Modulates lower pons and makes breathing smooth
What does Lower pons – apneustic centre fine-tune?
Fine-tunes signals from medulla to inspiratory muscles
What does Cerebral cortex involve?
involves voluntary holding of breath
What does Limbic system involve?
involves laughing or crying or pain
What does Autonomic nervous system increase?
Increase in sympathetic stimulation = increases rate and depth of breathing
What is it that have opposite effect to Autonomic nervous system?
Parasympathetic
What does ‘Irritation to airway structures’ signal?
signals reflex that inhibits breathing
What does increased body temperature due to temperature lead to?
leads to increased rate of breathing
What medications will inhibit and stimulate respiration?
General anaesthetic, morphine,and alcohol will inhibit,
and amphetamines will stimulate respiration
When will breathing rate and depth increase?
When oxygen decreases, or if carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen ions increase
Where are Stretch receptors?
In smooth muscles of airways
What do Stretch receptors prevent?
Prevent over-inflation
What will Deep inhalation cause?
Deep inhalation will stimulate stretch receptors and inhibit DRG
Where are Peripheral chemoreceptors?
In carotid arteries, and aortic arch
What do Peripheral chemoreceptors detect?
Detect low O2 and high H+
Where are Central chemoreceptors?
In medulla oblongata
What do Central chemoreceptors detect?
Detect high CO2 by detecting high H+
What do Carotid bodies detect?
Detects changes in composition of arterial blood
are Carotid bodies mainly partial pressure of arterial oxygen? if so, what would it also be partial pressure of?
Mainly partial pressure of arterial oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide
