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Russian History- The Soviet Union > Chapter 19- Stalinism in War time > Flashcards

Chapter 19- Stalinism in War time Flashcards

1
Q

what was the germans three-pronged attack called

A

operation Barbarossa

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2
Q

which cities did the Germans attempt to capture with operation Barbarossa

A

Moscow, Kiev, Leningrad

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3
Q

who did Stalin leave the announcement of the attack and war to

A

Vyacheslav Molotov

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4
Q

what were examples of military leaders expelled for incompetence

A

Marshals Voroshilov and Budyenny

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5
Q

who was Georgi Zhukov

A

civil war veteran

played key part in defending Moscow in October 1941

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6
Q

when was Zhukov made deputy commander-in-chief of the red army

A

august 1942

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7
Q

why was Zhukov demoted to a command in Odessa after the war

A

Stalin felt he was a threat

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8
Q

what were ‘hilfswillige’

A

those willing to help the germans as drivers, cooks etc

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9
Q

where were the hilfswillige most present

A

Estonia, Lithuania, Belorussia

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10
Q

what was the wafen-ss

A

armed wing of nazi party that fought alongside the germans

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11
Q

what are examples of waffen-ss

A

the Russian liberation movement under Andrey Vlasov

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12
Q

where was the Russian liberation movement formed

A

ukraine

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13
Q

how many soldiers did the Russian liberation movement have at its peak

A

50,000

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14
Q

how many Russians joined hitlers side

A

just over a million

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15
Q

how many cossacks joined hitlers side

A

250,000

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16
Q

what was order 227

A

order that any Russian soldier who retreated would be shot

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17
Q

when was order 227 established

A

july 1942

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18
Q

how many people were executed as a result of order 227

A

150,000

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19
Q

what were penal battalions

A

battalions made up of ‘cowards’ and those who broke rules used to clear minefields etc

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20
Q

what were the casualty rates in penal battalions

A

50%

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21
Q

what were blocking units

A

units at the rear of action top prevent retreat or desertion

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22
Q

what did Stalin do to the Volga autonomous German republic in august 1941

A

dissolved it and banished its members to the East

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23
Q

what did Stalin do to ‘suspect’ minority groups

A

deported them

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24
Q

what are examples of ‘suspect’ minority groups

A

Karachai, Ingushi, Crimean Tartars

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25
how many people were deported during the war
1.5 million
26
how many of those deported survived on the journeys to Uzbekistan, Siberia etc
two thirds
27
what did Stalin emphasise the troops should have
political education
28
what did the political education of troops result in
2.5 million troops joining the party
29
what percentage of those in the armed forces were communist by 1945
25%
30
what percentage of those in the army were part of the komosol
20%
31
how much of the party did members of the army make up by 1945
half
32
what did Stalin declare the war showed
the superiority of the socialist system
33
what percentage of the amount of coal did the German occupied soviet territory produce
63%
34
what percentage of the amount of iron did the German occupied soviet territory produce
68%
35
what percentage of the amount of steeldid the German occupied soviet territory produce
58%
36
what percentage of the amount of railways did the German occupied soviet territory posses
41%
37
what percentage of the amount of arable land did the German occupied soviet territory posses
41%
38
what type of economy was established on 30th June 1941
war time economy
39
what was the scorched earth policy
destroying anything useful to the enemy before retreating
40
how many factories were relocated from Russia and Ukraine to the east from July-november 1941
1523
41
what percentage of the governments budget was spent on the military by 1942
57%
42
what percentage of all production was made up by munitions production
76%
43
how many new industrial enterprises were built during the war
3500
44
how much ammunition was produced in 1942
238 million
45
what are examples of high-quality weapons made by the Russians
T-34 tank Yak-1 fighter Katyusha rocket launcher
46
what was the grain harvest of 1942 compared to 1940
33% lower
47
what were peasants allowed to do during the war that differed from collectivisation
have private plots sell produce independently
48
how much military equipment was shipped to the USSR from the West
17.5 million tonnes
49
what percentage of military equipment shipped from the West came from the USA
94%
50
how many vehicles in the USSR came from the West by the end of the war
427,000 of 650,000
51
how many people signed up to fight in the war in Moscow alone before the war
120,000
52
what law was passed in December 1941
mobilised all men from 16-55 and all women from 16-45 to devote themselves to the war effort
53
what was the average working day increased to during the war
12 hours
54
what was the average working week during the war
77 hours
55
what happened to families of military personnel who were captured
military ration cards confiscated
56
how many Russian soldiers were killed from 1941-1945
8.6 million twice more than the allies
57
how many russian people were killed during the war
25 million
58
what percentage of Russians killed during the war died of starvation
over 25%
59
what was the death rates in gulags in 1942
25%
60
what did Stalin call the war
the great patriotic war
61
what were non-russian nationalities told to do by Stalin
'join in with your Russian brothers- the home of the Russian is also your home'
62
what was the socialist anthem replaced with in 1943
a song about the 'motherland'
63
what happened to artists during the war
allowed more freedom as were used for propaganda
64
what are examples of artists used for propaganda
Maria Yudina flown into Leningrad during the siege to perform piano pieces Shoshstakovich performed symphony number 7 'Leningrad' during the siege in august 1942
65
what happened to the church during the war and why
repression undone as needed to boost moral priests let out of gulags etc
66
what measures were introduced to combat the falling birth rate
taxes increased for those with less than two children abortion forbidden harder to divorce
67
what percentage of the soviet workforce was made up by woman in 1945
50%
68
what percentage of rural workforce made up by woman by 1945
80%
69
who was Lyudmila Pavliachenko
killed 309 germans
70
how many partisans were there by 1945
over a million
71
who became a piece of propaganda for refusing to give up information to germans and cutting their power lines
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
72
how can Stalins paranoia be seen in the war
transferred returning prisoners of war to soviet camps as feared they were 'tainted by the west' any USSR citizens who collaborated with germans executed almost all cossacks wiped out as retribution
73
how did Stalin change the way the ussr was run after the war
he didn't really change it
74
who did Stalin chose to serve in his politburo after the war
mainly the same men (molotov, Khrushchev etc)
75
how many people in the western provinces had to live in wooden huts
25 million
76
what led to greater liberalisation after the war
soldiers being exposed to western influence
77
what western things were introduced into the USSR by 1945
hollywood films, jazz, restaurants and commercial shops
78
when was operation Barbarossa
22 June 1941
79
how many Russians died at the battle of Stalingrad compared to the number of germans
500k German deaths 1.2m Russian deaths
80
how many Russians died at the battle of Kirsk compared to the number of germans
200k German deaths 860k Russian deaths
81
how many people were deported from Russia during there war
1.5 million
82
how many of those deported during there war survived the journey
2/3
83
where were those deported during the war sent to
khazakstan, siberia
84
how many people joined the communist party during the war and how many were in the army
3.6 million 2.5 million from army
85
how did the number of those in the army in the communist party increase from 1941-45
rose 10%. from 15-25%
86
how much of Russias coal was in German occupied territory
63%
87
how much of Russias iron was in German occupied territory
68%
88
how much of Russias steel was in German occupied territory
58%
89
how much of Russias railway was in German occupied territory
45%
90
how many factories were moved from western Russia to the urals during the war
1523
91
how many Russians died during the war
28 million
92
how many Russian villages were destroyed during the war
70,000
93
how many Russian towns were destroyed during the war
1,200

Russian History- The Soviet Union (11 decks)

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