Chapter 19- Stalinism in War time Flashcards
what was the germans three-pronged attack called
operation Barbarossa
which cities did the Germans attempt to capture with operation Barbarossa
Moscow, Kiev, Leningrad
who did Stalin leave the announcement of the attack and war to
Vyacheslav Molotov
what were examples of military leaders expelled for incompetence
Marshals Voroshilov and Budyenny
who was Georgi Zhukov
civil war veteran
played key part in defending Moscow in October 1941
when was Zhukov made deputy commander-in-chief of the red army
august 1942
why was Zhukov demoted to a command in Odessa after the war
Stalin felt he was a threat
what were ‘hilfswillige’
those willing to help the germans as drivers, cooks etc
where were the hilfswillige most present
Estonia, Lithuania, Belorussia
what was the wafen-ss
armed wing of nazi party that fought alongside the germans
what are examples of waffen-ss
the Russian liberation movement under Andrey Vlasov
where was the Russian liberation movement formed
ukraine
how many soldiers did the Russian liberation movement have at its peak
50,000
how many Russians joined hitlers side
just over a million
how many cossacks joined hitlers side
250,000
what was order 227
order that any Russian soldier who retreated would be shot
when was order 227 established
july 1942
how many people were executed as a result of order 227
150,000
what were penal battalions
battalions made up of ‘cowards’ and those who broke rules used to clear minefields etc
what were the casualty rates in penal battalions
50%
what were blocking units
units at the rear of action top prevent retreat or desertion
what did Stalin do to the Volga autonomous German republic in august 1941
dissolved it and banished its members to the East
what did Stalin do to ‘suspect’ minority groups
deported them
what are examples of ‘suspect’ minority groups
Karachai, Ingushi, Crimean Tartars
how many people were deported during the war
1.5 million
how many of those deported survived on the journeys to Uzbekistan, Siberia etc
two thirds
what did Stalin emphasise the troops should have
political education
what did the political education of troops result in
2.5 million troops joining the party
what percentage of those in the armed forces were communist by 1945
25%
what percentage of those in the army were part of the komosol
20%
how much of the party did members of the army make up by 1945
half
what did Stalin declare the war showed
the superiority of the socialist system
what percentage of the amount of coal did the German occupied soviet territory produce
63%
what percentage of the amount of iron did the German occupied soviet territory produce
68%
what percentage of the amount of steeldid the German occupied soviet territory produce
58%
what percentage of the amount of railways did the German occupied soviet territory posses
41%
what percentage of the amount of arable land did the German occupied soviet territory posses
41%
what type of economy was established on 30th June 1941
war time economy
what was the scorched earth policy
destroying anything useful to the enemy before retreating
how many factories were relocated from Russia and Ukraine to the east from July-november 1941
1523
what percentage of the governments budget was spent on the military by 1942
57%
what percentage of all production was made up by munitions production
76%
how many new industrial enterprises were built during the war
3500
how much ammunition was produced in 1942
238 million
what are examples of high-quality weapons made by the Russians
T-34 tank
Yak-1 fighter
Katyusha rocket launcher
what was the grain harvest of 1942 compared to 1940
33% lower
what were peasants allowed to do during the war that differed from collectivisation
have private plots
sell produce independently
how much military equipment was shipped to the USSR from the West
17.5 million tonnes
what percentage of military equipment shipped from the West came from the USA
94%
how many vehicles in the USSR came from the West by the end of the war
427,000 of 650,000
how many people signed up to fight in the war in Moscow alone before the war
120,000
what law was passed in December 1941
mobilised all men from 16-55 and all women from 16-45 to devote themselves to the war effort
what was the average working day increased to during the war
12 hours
what was the average working week during the war
77 hours
what happened to families of military personnel who were captured
military ration cards confiscated
how many Russian soldiers were killed from 1941-1945
8.6 million
twice more than the allies
how many russian people were killed during the war
25 million
what percentage of Russians killed during the war died of starvation
over 25%
what was the death rates in gulags in 1942
25%
what did Stalin call the war
the great patriotic war
what were non-russian nationalities told to do by Stalin
‘join in with your Russian brothers- the home of the Russian is also your home’
what was the socialist anthem replaced with in 1943
a song about the ‘motherland’
what happened to artists during the war
allowed more freedom as were used for propaganda
what are examples of artists used for propaganda
Maria Yudina flown into Leningrad during the siege to perform piano pieces
Shoshstakovich performed symphony number 7 ‘Leningrad’ during the siege in august 1942
what happened to the church during the war and why
repression undone as needed to boost moral
priests let out of gulags etc
what measures were introduced to combat the falling birth rate
taxes increased for those with less than two children
abortion forbidden
harder to divorce
what percentage of the soviet workforce was made up by woman in 1945
50%
what percentage of rural workforce made up by woman by 1945
80%
who was Lyudmila Pavliachenko
killed 309 germans
how many partisans were there by 1945
over a million
who became a piece of propaganda for refusing to give up information to germans and cutting their power lines
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
how can Stalins paranoia be seen in the war
transferred returning prisoners of war to soviet camps as feared they were ‘tainted by the west’
any USSR citizens who collaborated with germans executed
almost all cossacks wiped out as retribution
how did Stalin change the way the ussr was run after the war
he didn’t really change it
who did Stalin chose to serve in his politburo after the war
mainly the same men (molotov, Khrushchev etc)
how many people in the western provinces had to live in wooden huts
25 million
what led to greater liberalisation after the war
soldiers being exposed to western influence
what western things were introduced into the USSR by 1945
hollywood films, jazz, restaurants and commercial shops
when was operation Barbarossa
22 June 1941
how many Russians died at the battle of Stalingrad compared to the number of germans
500k German deaths
1.2m Russian deaths
how many Russians died at the battle of Kirsk compared to the number of germans
200k German deaths
860k Russian deaths
how many people were deported from Russia during there war
1.5 million
how many of those deported during there war survived the journey
2/3
where were those deported during the war sent to
khazakstan, siberia
how many people joined the communist party during the war and how many were in the army
3.6 million
2.5 million from army
how did the number of those in the army in the communist party increase from 1941-45
rose 10%. from 15-25%
how much of Russias coal was in German occupied territory
63%
how much of Russias iron was in German occupied territory
68%
how much of Russias steel was in German occupied territory
58%
how much of Russias railway was in German occupied territory
45%
how many factories were moved from western Russia to the urals during the war
1523
how many Russians died during the war
28 million
how many Russian villages were destroyed during the war
70,000
how many Russian towns were destroyed during the war
1,200
