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Russian History- The Soviet Union > Chapter 19- Stalinism in War time > Flashcards

Chapter 19- Stalinism in War time Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the germans three-pronged attack called

A

operation Barbarossa

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2
Q

which cities did the Germans attempt to capture with operation Barbarossa

A

Moscow, Kiev, Leningrad

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3
Q

who did Stalin leave the announcement of the attack and war to

A

Vyacheslav Molotov

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4
Q

what were examples of military leaders expelled for incompetence

A

Marshals Voroshilov and Budyenny

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5
Q

who was Georgi Zhukov

A

civil war veteran

played key part in defending Moscow in October 1941

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6
Q

when was Zhukov made deputy commander-in-chief of the red army

A

august 1942

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7
Q

why was Zhukov demoted to a command in Odessa after the war

A

Stalin felt he was a threat

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8
Q

what were ‘hilfswillige’

A

those willing to help the germans as drivers, cooks etc

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9
Q

where were the hilfswillige most present

A

Estonia, Lithuania, Belorussia

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10
Q

what was the wafen-ss

A

armed wing of nazi party that fought alongside the germans

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11
Q

what are examples of waffen-ss

A

the Russian liberation movement under Andrey Vlasov

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12
Q

where was the Russian liberation movement formed

A

ukraine

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13
Q

how many soldiers did the Russian liberation movement have at its peak

A

50,000

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14
Q

how many Russians joined hitlers side

A

just over a million

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15
Q

how many cossacks joined hitlers side

A

250,000

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16
Q

what was order 227

A

order that any Russian soldier who retreated would be shot

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17
Q

when was order 227 established

A

july 1942

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18
Q

how many people were executed as a result of order 227

A

150,000

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19
Q

what were penal battalions

A

battalions made up of ‘cowards’ and those who broke rules used to clear minefields etc

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20
Q

what were the casualty rates in penal battalions

A

50%

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21
Q

what were blocking units

A

units at the rear of action top prevent retreat or desertion

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22
Q

what did Stalin do to the Volga autonomous German republic in august 1941

A

dissolved it and banished its members to the East

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23
Q

what did Stalin do to ‘suspect’ minority groups

A

deported them

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24
Q

what are examples of ‘suspect’ minority groups

A

Karachai, Ingushi, Crimean Tartars

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25
Q

how many people were deported during the war

A

1.5 million

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26
Q

how many of those deported survived on the journeys to Uzbekistan, Siberia etc

A

two thirds

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27
Q

what did Stalin emphasise the troops should have

A

political education

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28
Q

what did the political education of troops result in

A

2.5 million troops joining the party

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29
Q

what percentage of those in the armed forces were communist by 1945

A

25%

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30
Q

what percentage of those in the army were part of the komosol

A

20%

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31
Q

how much of the party did members of the army make up by 1945

A

half

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32
Q

what did Stalin declare the war showed

A

the superiority of the socialist system

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33
Q

what percentage of the amount of coal did the German occupied soviet territory produce

A

63%

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34
Q

what percentage of the amount of iron did the German occupied soviet territory produce

A

68%

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35
Q

what percentage of the amount of steeldid the German occupied soviet territory produce

A

58%

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36
Q

what percentage of the amount of railways did the German occupied soviet territory posses

A

41%

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37
Q

what percentage of the amount of arable land did the German occupied soviet territory posses

A

41%

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38
Q

what type of economy was established on 30th June 1941

A

war time economy

39
Q

what was the scorched earth policy

A

destroying anything useful to the enemy before retreating

40
Q

how many factories were relocated from Russia and Ukraine to the east from July-november 1941

A

1523

41
Q

what percentage of the governments budget was spent on the military by 1942

A

57%

42
Q

what percentage of all production was made up by munitions production

A

76%

43
Q

how many new industrial enterprises were built during the war

A

3500

44
Q

how much ammunition was produced in 1942

A

238 million

45
Q

what are examples of high-quality weapons made by the Russians

A

T-34 tank

Yak-1 fighter

Katyusha rocket launcher

46
Q

what was the grain harvest of 1942 compared to 1940

A

33% lower

47
Q

what were peasants allowed to do during the war that differed from collectivisation

A

have private plots

sell produce independently

48
Q

how much military equipment was shipped to the USSR from the West

A

17.5 million tonnes

49
Q

what percentage of military equipment shipped from the West came from the USA

A

94%

50
Q

how many vehicles in the USSR came from the West by the end of the war

A

427,000 of 650,000

51
Q

how many people signed up to fight in the war in Moscow alone before the war

A

120,000

52
Q

what law was passed in December 1941

A

mobilised all men from 16-55 and all women from 16-45 to devote themselves to the war effort

53
Q

what was the average working day increased to during the war

A

12 hours

54
Q

what was the average working week during the war

A

77 hours

55
Q

what happened to families of military personnel who were captured

A

military ration cards confiscated

56
Q

how many Russian soldiers were killed from 1941-1945

A

8.6 million

twice more than the allies

57
Q

how many russian people were killed during the war

A

25 million

58
Q

what percentage of Russians killed during the war died of starvation

A

over 25%

59
Q

what was the death rates in gulags in 1942

A

25%

60
Q

what did Stalin call the war

A

the great patriotic war

61
Q

what were non-russian nationalities told to do by Stalin

A

‘join in with your Russian brothers- the home of the Russian is also your home’

62
Q

what was the socialist anthem replaced with in 1943

A

a song about the ‘motherland’

63
Q

what happened to artists during the war

A

allowed more freedom as were used for propaganda

64
Q

what are examples of artists used for propaganda

A

Maria Yudina flown into Leningrad during the siege to perform piano pieces

Shoshstakovich performed symphony number 7 ‘Leningrad’ during the siege in august 1942

65
Q

what happened to the church during the war and why

A

repression undone as needed to boost moral

priests let out of gulags etc

66
Q

what measures were introduced to combat the falling birth rate

A

taxes increased for those with less than two children

abortion forbidden

harder to divorce

67
Q

what percentage of the soviet workforce was made up by woman in 1945

A

50%

68
Q

what percentage of rural workforce made up by woman by 1945

A

80%

69
Q

who was Lyudmila Pavliachenko

A

killed 309 germans

70
Q

how many partisans were there by 1945

A

over a million

71
Q

who became a piece of propaganda for refusing to give up information to germans and cutting their power lines

A

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

72
Q

how can Stalins paranoia be seen in the war

A

transferred returning prisoners of war to soviet camps as feared they were ‘tainted by the west’

any USSR citizens who collaborated with germans executed

almost all cossacks wiped out as retribution

73
Q

how did Stalin change the way the ussr was run after the war

A

he didn’t really change it

74
Q

who did Stalin chose to serve in his politburo after the war

A

mainly the same men (molotov, Khrushchev etc)

75
Q

how many people in the western provinces had to live in wooden huts

A

25 million

76
Q

what led to greater liberalisation after the war

A

soldiers being exposed to western influence

77
Q

what western things were introduced into the USSR by 1945

A

hollywood films, jazz, restaurants and commercial shops

78
Q

when was operation Barbarossa

A

22 June 1941

79
Q

how many Russians died at the battle of Stalingrad compared to the number of germans

A

500k German deaths

1.2m Russian deaths

80
Q

how many Russians died at the battle of Kirsk compared to the number of germans

A

200k German deaths

860k Russian deaths

81
Q

how many people were deported from Russia during there war

A

1.5 million

82
Q

how many of those deported during there war survived the journey

A

2/3

83
Q

where were those deported during the war sent to

A

khazakstan, siberia

84
Q

how many people joined the communist party during the war and how many were in the army

A

3.6 million

2.5 million from army

85
Q

how did the number of those in the army in the communist party increase from 1941-45

A

rose 10%. from 15-25%

86
Q

how much of Russias coal was in German occupied territory

A

63%

87
Q

how much of Russias iron was in German occupied territory

A

68%

88
Q

how much of Russias steel was in German occupied territory

A

58%

89
Q

how much of Russias railway was in German occupied territory

A

45%

90
Q

how many factories were moved from western Russia to the urals during the war

A

1523

91
Q

how many Russians died during the war

A

28 million

92
Q

how many Russian villages were destroyed during the war

A

70,000

93
Q

how many Russian towns were destroyed during the war

A

1,200

Russian History- The Soviet Union (11 decks)

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