Chapter 16- Leninist/Stalinist Society Flashcards
What ‘class enemies’ were vilified by the Bolsheviks
Burzhui- ‘bourgeoisie parasites’
What were the punishments for the burzhui
Menial jobs such as sweeping roads
Not allowed to work
Houses requisitioned and turned into communal living spaces
How did rationing work during the civil war
Done by ‘work value’
Workers and soldiers received the most
Civil servants and professionals such as doctors got less
Burzhui got barely enough to survive
Why was NEP good for the Burzhui
Showed that Russia still needed ‘specialists’ so they were given jobs in the interest of economic growth
What were given to workers to stop them leaving their jobs in the civil war
Passports
What rules were introduced to workers during the civil war in 1921
Workers could be shot imprisoned if they failed to meet targets
What did collectivisation do for the urban workforce
More emigrated to towns causing the labour force to double by 1931
What did the drive for industrialisation mean for workers
7 day working week
Longer hours
Dismissal or eviction if work was skipped
What was introduced in 1931 that made the proletariat more diverse
Wage differentials
Bonuses
Payment by the piece
Opportunities for better housing
Workers allowed to chose place of work
Disciplinary rules eased
What was used to increase ‘socialist competition’ in the work place
Propaganda such as the Stakhanovite movement
What was the Stakhanovite movement
Made managers support their workers to hit production targets
Stakhanovite was a miner who extracted 102 tonnes of coal in 5 hours 45 mins, something that should have taken 14 x longer
How did production targets change in 1936
Rose 10%
What did Stalin say about life in 1933
‘Life has become better, comrades, life has become more joyous.’
How did wages fare under Stalin
Increased under second 5 year plan
Lower in 1937 than 1928
(1928 only marginally better than 1913)
What was phased out in 1935
Rationing
What were the key family policies implemented under Lenin
Church influenced removed and only civil marriage recognised
Divorce made easier and less expensive in 1920
In 1920 abortion was legalised
Free contraceptive advice provided
New family code in 1926 gave woman ‘Common law’ in marriages
In 1928 wedding rings were banned
What did Stalin change about family policies implemented by Lenin
Reverted to more traditional ones
What did Stalin make the focus of a propaganda wave in the 30’s
Family
What family based policies did Stalin implement in 1936
Divorce made more expensive
Men had to pay 60% of their income in child support
Adultery was criminalised and those penalised would be printed in the press
Contraception was banned
Tax exemptions given to families over 6
Bonuses paid for every child after the tenth one
How did the number of female industrial workers change between 1928-1940
Rose by 10 million (3m-13m)
What percentage of the industrial workforce were female by 1940
43%
How many more woman were in education between 1928-1940
Double the amount
How much less did woman earn than men in 1940
40% less
What was the divorce rate in 1934
37%
What were the abortion figures in 1934
150,000 abortions to every 57,000 live births
What were the marriage statistics in 1937
91% of woman and 82% of men in their thirties were married