Chapter 12- The establishment of Bolshevik government Flashcards
when did Lenin return from Switzerland
3rd April 1917
what did Lenin’s April theses demand
power should be transferred to soviets
war should be bought to an immediate end
all land should be seized by state and distributed to peasants
what slogan summed up the April theses
peace , bread and land
what slogan stressed Lenin wanted no cooperation with provisional government
all power to the soviets
why were there doubts over Lenin’s return
feared he had grown out of touch
theories he was being payed by germans
unrealistic to oppose provisional government (still a minority)
some Bolsheviks supported provisional government
how many Bolsheviks were there by Lenin’s return
only 26,000
who are examples of Bolsheviks who favoured working with provisional government before lenins return
Stalin, Lev Kamenev
when was the first meeting of the ‘All- Russian congress of soviets’ and what did it vote over
3rd June 1917
if there was confidence in provisional government
what were the results of the vote of confidence in provisional government by ARCS
543 for
126 against
what were the July days
riots over poor living conditions in Russia
how many armed sailors from Kronsdadt joined the July days
20,000
what was the effects of the July days on the Bolsheviks
accused of stirring them up
leading members such as Trotsky were gaoled
bolshevik propaganda burned
head offices of Pravda shut down
what was the Kornilov coup
Bolsheviks released from gaols and took to the streets with sailors, soldiers, workers etc
Kerensky thought this was in support for provisional government and supplied them with weapons
Bolsheviks used their ‘Red guards’ to lead these armies for their benefit
how did bolshevik support increase from June-december 1917
rose 164%
how did bolshevik membership increase from February-october 1917
26,000- 200,000
how many newspapers were the bolsheviks producing by October 1917
41
how many of the red guards were in Moscow’s factories by October 1917
10,000
when ddi the Bolsheviks win a majority in the Petrograd soviet
september 1917
by September where did the bolsheviks hold a majority
Petrograd and Moscow soviets
who became chairman of the Petrograd soviet on 21 September
Trotsky
when did Lenin secretly return to Petrograd from Finland
7th October 1917
what led to the Bolsheviks claiming the provisional government were abandoning Moscow to allow the germans to take control
Kerensky sent radical army units out of Moscow to prevent bolshevik uprising
what did the bolsheviks set up on 9th October using the excuse that kerenky was allowing Moscow to go to germans
military revolutionary committee
how many troops did the military revolutionary committee hold
200,000 red guards
60,000 baltic sailors
150,000 Petrograd garrison soldiers
when did Lenin finally persuade central committee of bolsheviks to start an armed revolution
10th October
on 10th October hoe many bolsheviks in the central committee voted for a revolution and how many voted against
10 for
2 against (Zinoviev, Kamanev)
when did 5,000 soldiers from the Kornstadt and red guards seize key positions in Moscow
24-25th October
how did Kerensky escape from Moscow
disguised as nurse and borrowed car from US embassy
what did the provisional government do after Kerensky fled
called emergency meeting at winter palace on 25th October
when was the storming of the winter palace
25th October
when did the second all Russian congress of soviets hold their first congress
26th October
how many delegates were at the first meeting of the second ARCS and how many voted in favour of socialist government
670
500 voted for
who did most of the seats of the new executive committee go to and what ws the ‘moderates’ response
mainly bolshevik and extreme LW SR’s
moderates stormed out leaving LW monopoly
what did the new executive committee establish as new government
‘Soviet of people’s commissars’ aka Sovnarkom
what roles did Lenin and Trotsky hold in the sovnarkom
lenin- chairman
Trotsky- commissar for foreign affairs
what decrees did Lenin pass in October
27th October- decree on peace- ended war
27th October- decree on land- peasants seized land from landlords
what decrees did Lenin pass in November
workers control decree- workers could ‘supervise management’
nationality decree- self-determination to non Russian sin empire (Finland independent by december)
new legal system- elected courts used
discrimination- women could buy property
decree against titles- all became ‘citizens’
what decrees did Lenin pass in December
military decree- removed class ranks- officers elected by soldiers soviets
decrees on church- nationalised church land- divorce and marriage taken out of church control
bank decrees- banks nationalised
where did Kerensky set up his headquarters after fleeing Moscow
Gatchina
what was the army Kerensky set up made up of
18 cossack regiments
small force of SR and Cadet officers
what was the furthest Lenin went in the ‘coalition’ with other socialist parties
let LW SR’s to join sovnarkom but made it clear they had to follow Bolshevik lead
how did Lenin combat opposition
propaganda against burzhui
closed anti-bolshevik newspapers
purged civil service
established Cheka
imprisoned leading kadets, RW SR’s and Mensheviks
what were the results of the November1918 election for constituent assembly
SR’s- 21.8 m votes, 410 seats, 53%
Bolsheviks- 10m, 175 seats, 24%
what did Lenin say after bolsheviks lost constituent assembly election
‘we must not be deceived by the election figures. Elections prove nothing’
how many times did the elected constituent assemble meet before it was dissolved by Lenin
once on fifth January 1918
