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Russian History- The Soviet Union > Chapter 12- The establishment of Bolshevik government > Flashcards

Chapter 12- The establishment of Bolshevik government Flashcards

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1
Q

when did Lenin return from Switzerland

A

3rd April 1917

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2
Q

what did Lenin’s April theses demand

A

power should be transferred to soviets

war should be bought to an immediate end

all land should be seized by state and distributed to peasants

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3
Q

what slogan summed up the April theses

A

peace , bread and land

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4
Q

what slogan stressed Lenin wanted no cooperation with provisional government

A

all power to the soviets

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5
Q

why were there doubts over Lenin’s return

A

feared he had grown out of touch

theories he was being payed by germans

unrealistic to oppose provisional government (still a minority)

some Bolsheviks supported provisional government

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6
Q

how many Bolsheviks were there by Lenin’s return

A

only 26,000

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7
Q

who are examples of Bolsheviks who favoured working with provisional government before lenins return

A

Stalin, Lev Kamenev

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8
Q

when was the first meeting of the ‘All- Russian congress of soviets’ and what did it vote over

A

3rd June 1917

if there was confidence in provisional government

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9
Q

what were the results of the vote of confidence in provisional government by ARCS

A

543 for

126 against

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10
Q

what were the July days

A

riots over poor living conditions in Russia

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11
Q

how many armed sailors from Kronsdadt joined the July days

A

20,000

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12
Q

what was the effects of the July days on the Bolsheviks

A

accused of stirring them up

leading members such as Trotsky were gaoled

bolshevik propaganda burned

head offices of Pravda shut down

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13
Q

what was the Kornilov coup

A

Bolsheviks released from gaols and took to the streets with sailors, soldiers, workers etc

Kerensky thought this was in support for provisional government and supplied them with weapons

Bolsheviks used their ‘Red guards’ to lead these armies for their benefit

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14
Q

how did bolshevik support increase from June-december 1917

A

rose 164%

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15
Q

how did bolshevik membership increase from February-october 1917

A

26,000- 200,000

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16
Q

how many newspapers were the bolsheviks producing by October 1917

A

41

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17
Q

how many of the red guards were in Moscow’s factories by October 1917

A

10,000

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18
Q

when ddi the Bolsheviks win a majority in the Petrograd soviet

A

september 1917

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19
Q

by September where did the bolsheviks hold a majority

A

Petrograd and Moscow soviets

20
Q

who became chairman of the Petrograd soviet on 21 September

A

Trotsky

21
Q

when did Lenin secretly return to Petrograd from Finland

A

7th October 1917

22
Q

what led to the Bolsheviks claiming the provisional government were abandoning Moscow to allow the germans to take control

A

Kerensky sent radical army units out of Moscow to prevent bolshevik uprising

23
Q

what did the bolsheviks set up on 9th October using the excuse that kerenky was allowing Moscow to go to germans

A

military revolutionary committee

24
Q

how many troops did the military revolutionary committee hold

A

200,000 red guards

60,000 baltic sailors

150,000 Petrograd garrison soldiers

25
Q

when did Lenin finally persuade central committee of bolsheviks to start an armed revolution

A

10th October

26
Q

on 10th October hoe many bolsheviks in the central committee voted for a revolution and how many voted against

A

10 for

2 against (Zinoviev, Kamanev)

27
Q

when did 5,000 soldiers from the Kornstadt and red guards seize key positions in Moscow

A

24-25th October

28
Q

how did Kerensky escape from Moscow

A

disguised as nurse and borrowed car from US embassy

29
Q

what did the provisional government do after Kerensky fled

A

called emergency meeting at winter palace on 25th October

30
Q

when was the storming of the winter palace

A

25th October

31
Q

when did the second all Russian congress of soviets hold their first congress

A

26th October

32
Q

how many delegates were at the first meeting of the second ARCS and how many voted in favour of socialist government

A

670

500 voted for

33
Q

who did most of the seats of the new executive committee go to and what ws the ‘moderates’ response

A

mainly bolshevik and extreme LW SR’s

moderates stormed out leaving LW monopoly

34
Q

what did the new executive committee establish as new government

A

‘Soviet of people’s commissars’ aka Sovnarkom

35
Q

what roles did Lenin and Trotsky hold in the sovnarkom

A

lenin- chairman

Trotsky- commissar for foreign affairs

36
Q

what decrees did Lenin pass in October

A

27th October- decree on peace- ended war

27th October- decree on land- peasants seized land from landlords

37
Q

what decrees did Lenin pass in November

A

workers control decree- workers could ‘supervise management’

nationality decree- self-determination to non Russian sin empire (Finland independent by december)

new legal system- elected courts used

discrimination- women could buy property

decree against titles- all became ‘citizens’

38
Q

what decrees did Lenin pass in December

A

military decree- removed class ranks- officers elected by soldiers soviets

decrees on church- nationalised church land- divorce and marriage taken out of church control

bank decrees- banks nationalised

39
Q

where did Kerensky set up his headquarters after fleeing Moscow

A

Gatchina

40
Q

what was the army Kerensky set up made up of

A

18 cossack regiments

small force of SR and Cadet officers

41
Q

what was the furthest Lenin went in the ‘coalition’ with other socialist parties

A

let LW SR’s to join sovnarkom but made it clear they had to follow Bolshevik lead

42
Q

how did Lenin combat opposition

A

propaganda against burzhui

closed anti-bolshevik newspapers

purged civil service

established Cheka

imprisoned leading kadets, RW SR’s and Mensheviks

43
Q

what were the results of the November1918 election for constituent assembly

A

SR’s- 21.8 m votes, 410 seats, 53%

Bolsheviks- 10m, 175 seats, 24%

44
Q

what did Lenin say after bolsheviks lost constituent assembly election

A

‘we must not be deceived by the election figures. Elections prove nothing’

45
Q

how many times did the elected constituent assemble meet before it was dissolved by Lenin

A

once on fifth January 1918

Russian History- The Soviet Union (11 decks)

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