Chapter 19 - Pathology

Question 1

Cystic

Answer 1

1. Forming large open spaces filled with fluid.

2. Most common site for cystic is in ovarian.

Question 2

Describe mucinous tumors

Answer 2

1. Part of cystic

2. Filled with mucus (thick, sticky fluid)

Question 3

Describe serous tumors

Answer 3

1. Part of cystic

2. Filled with thin, watery fluid (like serum).

Question 4

Fungating

Answer 4

Mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another, and project from a tissue surface

Question 5

Inflammatory

Answer 5

Having the features of inflammation - redness, swelling, and heat

Question 6

Medullary

Answer 6

1. Large, soft, fleshy tumors

2. Like thyroid or breasts tumors

Question 7

Necrotic

Answer 7

Containing dead tissue

Question 8

Polyploid

Answer 8

Growths that forms projections extending outward from a base.

Question 9

What is a sessile?

Answer 9

Polypoid tumors extend from a broad base

Question 10

What is pendunculated?

Answer 10

Polypoid tumors extend from a stem or stalk

Question 11

Ulcerating

Answer 11

Characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue

Question 12

Verrucous

Answer 12

Resembling a wart-like growth

Question 13

Alveolar

Answer 13

Tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs

Question 14

Carcinoma in situ (!!!)

Answer 14

1. Referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures.
2. Ex: cancer of cervix

Question 15

Diffuse

Answer 15

Spread evenly throughout the affected tissue

Question 16

Dysplastic

Answer 16

1. Containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous.
2. Ex: Dysplastic nevi = moles on skin

Question 17

Epidermoid

Answer 17

Resembling squamous epithelial cells (thin, plate-like)

Question 18

Follicular

Answer 18

Forming small glandular sacs

Question 19

Papillary

Answer 19

Forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells.

Question 20

Pelomorphic

Answer 20

Composed of a variety of types of cells

Question 21

Scirrhous (!!!)

Answer 21

Densely packed tumors, due to dense bands of fibrous tissue

Question 22

Undifferentiated

Answer 22

Lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells

Question 23

Grading of tumor

Answer 23

1. Evaluating the degree of maturity or differentiation under the microscope.
2. Concerned with the microscopic appearance of tumor cells = the grade.

Question 24

Staging of tumors

Answer 24

1. System of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors
2. Example of system: Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) International Staging System
3. Uses CT, PET-CT, MRI, and radionuclide bone scans

Question 25

What is the Tumor-Node-Metasis (TNM) International Staging System?

Answer 25

1. T = tumor. Size and degree of local extension
2. N = nodes (number of regional lymph nodes invaded by tumor cells)
3. M = Metastases (spread of tumor cells to distant sites)

Question 26

What is gross description of tumor?

Answer 26

Visual appearance of tumor to the naked eye

Question 27

Grade I Tumors

Answer 27

Very well differentiated, closely resemble cells from the normal parent tissue of their origin.

Question 28

Grade II and III Tumors

Answer 28

Intermediate in appearance, moderately or poorly differentiated

Question 29

Grade IV Tumor

Answer 29

Tumor so undifferentiated or anaplastic that even recognition of tumor’s tissue of origin may be difficult