Chapter 19 - Pathology Flashcards
Cystic
- Forming large open spaces filled with fluid.
2. Most common site for cystic is in ovarian.
Describe mucinous tumors
- Part of cystic
2. Filled with mucus (thick, sticky fluid)
Describe serous tumors
- Part of cystic
2. Filled with thin, watery fluid (like serum).
Fungating
Mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another, and project from a tissue surface
Inflammatory
Having the features of inflammation - redness, swelling, and heat
Medullary
- Large, soft, fleshy tumors
2. Like thyroid or breasts tumors
Necrotic
Containing dead tissue
Polyploid
Growths that forms projections extending outward from a base.
What is a sessile?
Polypoid tumors extend from a broad base
What is pendunculated?
Polypoid tumors extend from a stem or stalk
Ulcerating
Characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue
Verrucous
Resembling a wart-like growth
Alveolar
Tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs
Carcinoma in situ (!!!)
- Referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures.
- Ex: cancer of cervix
Diffuse
Spread evenly throughout the affected tissue
Dysplastic
- Containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous.
- Ex: Dysplastic nevi = moles on skin
Epidermoid
Resembling squamous epithelial cells (thin, plate-like)
Follicular
Forming small glandular sacs
Papillary
Forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells.
Pelomorphic
Composed of a variety of types of cells
Scirrhous (!!!)
Densely packed tumors, due to dense bands of fibrous tissue
Undifferentiated
Lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells
Grading of tumor
- Evaluating the degree of maturity or differentiation under the microscope.
- Concerned with the microscopic appearance of tumor cells = the grade.
Staging of tumors
- System of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors
- Example of system: Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) International Staging System
- Uses CT, PET-CT, MRI, and radionuclide bone scans
What is the Tumor-Node-Metasis (TNM) International Staging System?
- T = tumor. Size and degree of local extension
- N = nodes (number of regional lymph nodes invaded by tumor cells)
- M = Metastases (spread of tumor cells to distant sites)
What is gross description of tumor?
Visual appearance of tumor to the naked eye
Grade I Tumors
Very well differentiated, closely resemble cells from the normal parent tissue of their origin.
Grade II and III Tumors
Intermediate in appearance, moderately or poorly differentiated
Grade IV Tumor
Tumor so undifferentiated or anaplastic that even recognition of tumor’s tissue of origin may be difficult
