Chapter 19 - Cancer Treatment

Question 1

Debulking procedure

Answer 1

To remove as much of the primary tumor mass as possible, even if the tumor is attached to a vital organ and cannot be completely removed.

Question 2

Cauterization

Answer 2

Destruction of tissue by burning

Question 3

Core needle biopsy

Answer 3

Insertion of a large-bore needle into tissue to extract (remove) a thin core of cells for microscopic examination.

Question 4

Cyrosurgery

Answer 4

Use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue

Question 5

En bloc resection

Answer 5

Tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes

Question 6

Excisional biopsy

Answer 6

Removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue

Question 7

Exenteration

Answer 7

Wide resection involving removal of the tumor, its organs of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space.

Question 8

Fine needle aspiration

Answer 8

Placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic evaluation.

Question 9

Fulguration

Answer 9

Destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current

Question 10

Incisional biopsy

Answer 10

Piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis.

Question 11

Brachytherapy

Answer 11

Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities or radioactive seeds directly into the tumor.

Question 12

Electron beams

Answer 12

Low-energy beams for treatment of skin or surface tumors.

Question 13

External beam irradiation (teletherapy)

Answer 13

1. Radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant source such as a linear accelerator.
2. Beam is far from patient

Question 14

Fields

Answer 14

Dimensions of the size of radiation area used to treat a tumor from a specific angle

Question 15

Fractionation (!!!)

Answer 15

1. Radiation doses split into intervals

2. Giving radiation in small, repeated doses rather than large doses.

Question 16

Gray (Gy) (!!!)

Answer 16

Unit of absorbed radiation dose.

Question 17

Linear accelerator (!!!)

Answer 17

1. Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beam for treatment of deep-seated tumors
2. Increases the velocity of subatomic particles

Question 18

Photon Therapy (!!!)

Answer 18

1. Radiation therapy using x-rays or gamma rays.
2. Smallest unit of radiation therapy
3. A type of linear accelerator that produces photon beams to treat tumors.

Question 19

Proton therapy (!!!)

Answer 19

Subatomic positively charged particles (protons) produced by a cyclotron deposit a dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body.

Question 20

Radiocurable Tumors (!!!)

Answer 20

Tumor cells that are destroyed with radiotherapy

Question 21

Radioresistant tumor (!!!)

Answer 21

Tumor cells that require large doses of radiation to be destroyed

Question 22

Radiosensitive Tumor (!!!)

Answer 22

Tumor in which radiation can cause death of cells without damage to surrounding tissue

Question 23

Radiosensitizers (!!!)

Answer 23

Drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to x-rays

Question 24

Simulation (!!!)

Answer 24

1. Imaging study performed prior to radiation therapy using CT scan or MRI to map treatment.
2. Required for all patients undergoing radiation therapy

Question 25

Stereotactic radiosurgery (!!!)

Answer 25

A single large dose of radiation delivered under stereotactic (highly precise) guidance to destroy a vascular abnormality or treat small intracranial tumors