Chapter 19 - Cancer Treatment Flashcards
Debulking procedure
To remove as much of the primary tumor mass as possible, even if the tumor is attached to a vital organ and cannot be completely removed.
Cauterization
Destruction of tissue by burning
Core needle biopsy
Insertion of a large-bore needle into tissue to extract (remove) a thin core of cells for microscopic examination.
Cyrosurgery
Use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue
En bloc resection
Tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes
Excisional biopsy
Removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue
Exenteration
Wide resection involving removal of the tumor, its organs of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space.
Fine needle aspiration
Placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic evaluation.
Fulguration
Destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current
Incisional biopsy
Piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis.
Brachytherapy
Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities or radioactive seeds directly into the tumor.
Electron beams
Low-energy beams for treatment of skin or surface tumors.
External beam irradiation (teletherapy)
- Radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant source such as a linear accelerator.
- Beam is far from patient
Fields
Dimensions of the size of radiation area used to treat a tumor from a specific angle
Fractionation (!!!)
- Radiation doses split into intervals
2. Giving radiation in small, repeated doses rather than large doses.
Gray (Gy) (!!!)
Unit of absorbed radiation dose.
Linear accelerator (!!!)
- Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beam for treatment of deep-seated tumors
- Increases the velocity of subatomic particles
Photon Therapy (!!!)
- Radiation therapy using x-rays or gamma rays.
- Smallest unit of radiation therapy
- A type of linear accelerator that produces photon beams to treat tumors.
Proton therapy (!!!)
Subatomic positively charged particles (protons) produced by a cyclotron deposit a dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body.
Radiocurable Tumors (!!!)
Tumor cells that are destroyed with radiotherapy
Radioresistant tumor (!!!)
Tumor cells that require large doses of radiation to be destroyed
Radiosensitive Tumor (!!!)
Tumor in which radiation can cause death of cells without damage to surrounding tissue
Radiosensitizers (!!!)
Drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to x-rays
Simulation (!!!)
- Imaging study performed prior to radiation therapy using CT scan or MRI to map treatment.
- Required for all patients undergoing radiation therapy
Stereotactic radiosurgery (!!!)
A single large dose of radiation delivered under stereotactic (highly precise) guidance to destroy a vascular abnormality or treat small intracranial tumors
