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Medical Terminology Part 11 > Chapter 19 - Key Vocab Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 - Key Vocab Part 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Infiltrative

A

Extending beyond the normal tissue boundaries into adjacent tissues

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2
Q

Invasive

A

Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue

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3
Q

Irradiation

A

Exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light, heat, or x-rays

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4
Q

Linear accelerator

A

Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors

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5
Q

Malignant tumor

A

Tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis

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6
Q

Mesenchymal

A

Embryonic connective tissue

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7
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site

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8
Q

Microscopic description of tumors

A

Appearance of tumors when viewed under a microscope

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9
Q

Mitosis

A
  1. Replication of cells
  2. A stage in a cell’s life cycle that involves the production of two identical cells (daughter cells) from the parent cell
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10
Q

Mixed-tissue tumors

A

Tumors composed of different types of tissue

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11
Q

Modality

A

Method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation

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12
Q

Molecularly targeted drugs

A

Anti cancer drugs designed to block the function of growth factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in specific tumor cells

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13
Q

Morbidity

A

Condition of being unwell; deficient in normal function

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14
Q

Mucinous

A

Containing mucus

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15
Q

Mutation

A
  1. Change in DNA

2. May be spontaneous or caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses

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16
Q

Neoplasm

A
  1. New growth

2. Benign or malignant tumors

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17
Q

Nucleotide

A

Unit of DNA composed of sugar, phosphate, and a base

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18
Q

Oncogene

A

Region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that causes cancer

19
Q

Palliative

A

Relieving, but not curing symptoms

20
Q

Pedunculated

A

Possessing a stem or stalk

21
Q

Photon therapy

A

Radiation therapy using energy in the form of x-rays or gamma rays

22
Q

Protocol

A

Detailed plan for treatment of an illness

23
Q

Proton therapy

A

Use of protons produced by a cyclotron to deposit a dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body

24
Q

Radiation

A

Energy carried by a stream of particles

25
Q

Radiocurable tumor

A

Tumor that is destroyed by radiation therapy

26
Q

Radioresistant tumor

A

Tumor that requires large doses of radiation to be destroyed

27
Q

Radiosensitive tumor

A

Tumor in which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue

28
Q

Radiosensitizers

A

Drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays

29
Q

Radiotherapy

A

Treatment of tumors using doses or radiation

30
Q

Relapse

A

Recurrence of tumor after treatment

31
Q

Remission

A

Partial or complete disappearances of symptoms of disease

32
Q

Ribonucleis acid (RNA)

A
  1. Cellular substance that represents a copy of DNA

2. Directs formation of a new protein inside cells

33
Q

Sarcoma

A

Cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue

34
Q

Serous

A

Having the appearance of a thin, watery fluid

35
Q

Sessile

A

Having no stem

36
Q

Simulation

A

Study using CT scan or MRI to map treatment before RT is given

37
Q

Solid tumor

A

Tumor composed of a mass of cells

38
Q

Staging of tumors

A

System of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors

39
Q

Stereotactic radiosurgery

A

Delivery of dose of radiation under stereotactic guidance

40
Q

Steroids

A

Complex, naturally occurring chemicals derived from cholesterol

41
Q

Surgical procedures to treat cancer

A

Methods of removing cancerous tissue

42
Q

Viral oncogenes

A

Pieces of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant

43
Q

Virus

A

Infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host’s genetic material to copy itself

Medical Terminology Part 11 (11 decks)

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