Chapter 19 - Lab And Clinical Procedures

Question 1

Cytogenetic analysis

Answer 1

Chromosomes of normal or tumor cells are examined for breaks, translocations, or deletions of DNA

Question 2

Immunohistochemistry

Answer 2

Localization of antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled (colored or fluorescent) antibodies

Question 3

Protein marker tests

Answer 3

Measure the level of proteins in the blood or on the surface of tumor cells. It can diagnose the type of cancer.

Question 4

Bone marrow biopsy

Answer 4

Aspiration of bone marrow tissue and examinations under a microscope for evidence of malignant cells

Question 5

Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation

Answer 5

Bone marrow or stem cells are infused intravenously into a patient

Question 6

Autologous marrow transplantation

Answer 6

1. Marrow previously obtained from patient and stored is re-infused when needed
2. Infusion of patient’s own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

Question 7

Allogeneic marrow transplantation

Answer 7

1. Marrow is obtained from a living donor other than the recipient
2. bone marrow transplant uses bone marrow from a donor

Question 8

Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Answer 8

1. Immature blood cells called stem cells are selected and harvested from the blood of a patient instead of from the bone marrow.
2. After undergoing chemotherapy, the patient gets reinfusion of the stem cells to repopulate the bone marrow with blood cells

Question 9

Core needle biopsy

Answer 9

Insertion of a large-bore needle into tissue to remove a core of cells from microscope examination.

Question 10

Exfoliative cytology

Answer 10

1. Cells are scraped from the region of suspected disease and examined under a microscope.
2. The Pap test (smear) is an example

Question 11

Fiberoptic colonoscopy

Answer 11

Visual examinations of the colon using a fiberoptic instrument

Question 12

Laparoscopy

Answer 12

Visual examination of abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope.

Question 13

Mammography

Answer 13

X-ray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer

Question 14

PET-CT scan

Answer 14

Diagnostic procedure combining CT (computed tomography) and PET (positron emission tomography)

Question 15

Radionuclide scans

Answer 15

Radioactive substances (radionuclides) are injected intravenously and scan (images) of organs are obtained.