Chapter 19 Overview Flashcards
disease that is caused by abnormal and excessive growth of cells in the body
cancer
new growths that arise from normal tissue
tumors (neoplasms)
capable of invasion and spread to surrounding or more distant sites
malignant
noninvasive and not spreading to other sites
benign
benign tumors grow slowly or rapidly
slowly
malignant tumor cells grow slowly or rapidly
rapidly
contained within a fibrous capsule or covrt
encapsulated
benign tumors are often ________
encapsulated
malignant tumors characteristically are ______ and _______
invasive and infiltrative
stain excessively with dyes that recognize genetic material (DNA)
hyperchromatic
malignant transformation results from damage to what?
DNA
cell division
mitosis
each DNA piece
gene
DNA stops making normal codes that allow the cells to carry on the function of differentiating mature cells
anaplastic
found in a variety of products and drugs
chemical carcinogens
consists of waves of energy
radiation
programmed cell death
apoptosis
ras
colon cancer
myc
lymphoma
abl
chronic myeloid leukemia
premalignant polyps that grow in the colon and rectum
adenomatous polypsis coli syndrome
cancerous tumor arising from grandular cells lining the stomach
gastric adenocarcinoma
embryonic connective tissue from which sarcomas are derived
mesenchymal tissue
tumors derived from bone marrow
leukemias and multiple myelomas
tumors derived from immune cells of the lymphatic system
lymphomas
glial cells within the brain and other cell of the nervous system give rise to malignancies such as….
gliomas and neuroblastomas
tumors that are derived from tissue that is capable of differentiating into both epithelial and connective tissue
mixed-tissue tumors
forming large open spaces filled with fluid
cystic
mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface
fungating
having the features of inflammation
inflammatory
large, soft, fleshy tumors
medullary
containing dead tissue
necrotic
growths that form projections extending outward from a base
polypoid
characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue
ulcerating
resembling a wart-like growth
verrucous
tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs
alveolar
referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures
carcinoma in situ
spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue
diffuse
containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous
epidermoid
forming small glandular sacs
follicular
forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projection of cells
papillary
composed of a variety of types of cells
pleomorphic
densly packed tumors, due to dense bands of fibrous tissue
scirrhous
lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells
undifferentiated
size and degree of local extension
T
number of regional lymph nodes invaded by tumor cells
N
spread of tumor cells to distant sites
M
