Chapter 19 ID List - French Rev./Napoleonic Era Flashcards
1
Q
Bourgeoise
A
- wealthy, educated commoners
- sometimes married into nobility
2
Q
Seven Year’s War
A
- Conflict fought in Europe and its overseas colonies
- known as the French and Indian War in North America
3
Q
Marquis de Lafayette (r. 1757-1834)
A
- French general
- America’s greatest supporter during the revolution
- helped the American general George Washington during the revolution
4
Q
Louis XV (r. 1715-1774)
A
-grandson of Louis XIV
- led France into the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years’ War (1710-1774)
5
Q
Louis XIV (r. 1774-1792)
A
- regarded as eager to please
- summoned the estates general
- married Marie Antoinette
- overthrown during the French Revolution
- later executed
6
Q
Estates General
A
- legislative body in the prerevolutionary France
- made up of the three estates
- called into session in 1789 for the first time since 1614
7
Q
The Three Estates
A
- the three orders of the french populace
1. the clergy -> nobility -> commoners including the bourgeoisie
8
Q
Tennis Court Oath (1789)
A
- an oath by the third estates representatives who called themselves the National Assembly
- they vowed to not disband until they came up with a new constitution
9
Q
The Bastille (1789)
A
- a royal prison
- it was stormed on July 14th, 1789
- the Parisians wished to obtain weapons to defend themselves from the mass of troops near Paris
10
Q
The Great Fear (1789)
A
- the fear of nobles reprisals against peasant uprisings
- it seized the French countryside and led to more revolts
11
Q
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789)
A
- issued by the National Assembly
- guaranteed equality before the law, representative government, and individual freedom
- it had little effect for the poor and hungry of France
12
Q
Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793)
A
- a self taught writer and woman of the people
- protested slavery and injustices done to women
- published Declaration of the Rights of Women
13
Q
Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)
A
- issued on July 12th, 1790
- created a national church
- the clergy were now elected
- all church officials had to make a pledge of allegiance to the government
14
Q
Maxmillen Robespierre (1758-1794)
A
- leader of the radical Jacobin republic
- insinuated the Reign of Terror
- fixed prices and wages
- pursued a policy of dechristianization
15
Q
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)
A
- English writer
- demanded equal rights for women
- advocated for coeducation
- her book, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, became a founding text of the feminist movement
16
Q
Declaration of Pillnitz (1791)
A
- written by the monarchies of Austria and Prussia
- it proclaimed their willingness to intervene and put Louis XVI back on the throne
17
Q
Jacobins
A
- a political faction in revolutionary France whose members were well-educated radical republicans
- separated into two groups: Girondists and Mountains
- led by Robespierre and Danton
18
Q
Girondists
A
- the moderate side of the Jacobin club
- fought for control of the French National Convention
- wished to keep Louis XVI alive
19
Q
The “Mountain”
A
- led by Robespierre
- the French National Convention’s radical factions
- seized power in 1793
- executed Louis XIV
20
Q
Sans-culottes
A
- the laboring poor of Paris
- it later came to refer to the militant radicals of the city
- the joined with the Mountain to get rid of the Girondists
21
Q
Committee of Public Safety
A
- formed in April 1793
- led by Robespierre, it held dictatorial power, allowing it to use whatever means necessary
22
Q
Reign of Terror
A
- period from 1793 to 1794
- in this time, the committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands
- imposed a new revolutionary culture, one of fear
23
Q
Thermidorian Reaction
A
- the reaction to the violence of the Reign of Terror in 1794
- resulted in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls
24
Q
The Directory
A
- a 5-man body elected by the new Assembly to prevent a new Robespierre
- it was later overthrown by Napoleon in a coup d’ etat
25
Q
Coup d’ etat
A
- the French word for coup
- the sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government
26
Q
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
A
- a revolutionary general who overthrew the Directory
- he was elected the ruler of France and ushered in a strong dictatorship
27
Q
Napoleonic Code
A
- French civil code
- reasserted the principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property
- also restricted rights given to women by previous laws
28
Q
Concordat of 1801
A
- an agreement signed by Napoleon and Pope Pius VII
- the pope obtained the right for Catholics to worship freely
- Napoleon now gained the ability to nominate bishops, pay the clergy and exert influence over the church
29
Q
Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
A
- Napoleon’s attempt to attack Great Britain
- his fleet was destroyed by Lord Nelson
30
Q
Continental System
A
- a blockade imposed by Napoleon
- halted all trade between Europe and Britain
- weakened the British economy and military
31
Q
German Confederation of the Rhine
A
- established by Napoleon
- a union of 15 german states minus Austria, Prussia, and Saxony
- Napoleon named himself protector of the confederation, firmly controlling it
32
Q
The “Russian Campaign”
A
- Napoleon’s attempt at conquering Russia
- he succeeded in burning down St. Petersburg
- however, his attempt was unsuccessful
33
Q
Hundred Days
A
- a frantic period after Napoleon escaped prison and took over Paris
- the quadruple powers quickly got rid of him at Waterloo and sent him to St. Helena
34
Q
Congress of Vienna
A
- consisted of the Quadruple alliance: Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain
- attempted to restore the balance of power and contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals
