Chapter 19 A&P of Digestive System

Question 1

Physical Breakdown of Food

Answer 1

starts in the mouth; teeth and tongue help break food down into smaller sizes, making them more easily digested. Bile, created by the liver, emulsifies fats in small intestines. Rhythmic Segmentation in the small intestine is when the muscles of the wall constrict sharply as food passes through. Creates segments in small intestine but also further breaks down food.

Question 2

Chemical Breakdown of Food

Answer 2

digestive enzymes secreted by various digestive organs help breakdown fats, proteins and carbs into their simpler forms. Simpler forms then undergo absorption in the small intestine into the blood or lymph.

Question 3

Amylase

Answer 3

found in saliva, lubricates food to aid in swallowing. Break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simple sugars.

Question 4

Lipase

Answer 4

breakdown fats into fatty acids and glycerol; lipolytic enzyme

Question 5

Pepsinogen

Answer 5

inactive form of pepsin produced in the stomach, stomach acid (HCl) activates it into pepsin.

Question 6

Pancreatin

Answer 6

secreted by pancreas, contains lipase and amylase; breaks down carbs and fats

Question 7

Pepsin

Answer 7

proteolytic enzyme, breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Question 8

Salivary Glands

Answer 8

Parotid, Submandibular, and Sublingual gland; all exocrine glands (each has a duct that carries saliva in oral cavity)

Question 9

Teeth

Answer 9

2 incisors (involved in initial bite), 1 canine (rips food), 2 premolars (grind food), 3 molars (grind food) per each quadrant of mouth

Question 10

Stomach

Answer 10

expandable pouch-like container located below diaphragm; cardia, fundus, body, pylorus.

Question 11

Small Intestine

Answer 11

absorption occurs here, contains villi with increase surface area allowing nutrients to be absorbed more efficiently. Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.

Question 12

Large Intestine

Answer 12

removes excess water from bolus to create stool.

Question 13

Accessory Organs

Answer 13

Liver- produces bile
Gallbladder- stores and concentrates bile
Pancreas- secretes pancreatin into duodenum of small intestine