Chapter 15 Physiology of Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Lupp/Lubb

Answer 1

long, soft sound made when AV close

Question 2

Dupp/Dubb

Answer 2

short, loud sound made when SV close

Question 3

Murmur

Answer 3

abnormal swishing sound, occurs when valves don’t close completely and blood leaks into chamber.

Question 4

Blood Pressure

Answer 4

the pressure blood exerts on its containing vessels.

Question 5

Systole

Answer 5

blood exits heart, contraction

Question 6

Diastole

Answer 6

blood enters heart, relaxation

Question 7

Systolic Pressure

Answer 7

pressure generated by blood exiting the heart

100-140 mmHg

Question 8

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 8

pressure generated by blood entering the heart 70-90 mmHg

Question 9

hypertension

Answer 9

high blood pressure

Question 10

Cardiac Output=

Answer 10

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 11

Stroke Volume=

Answer 11

end diastolic volume + end systolic volume

Question 12

mechanical activities

Answer 12

breathing, heart sounds, pulse, blood pressure

Question 13

Effect of Exercise of Heart

Answer 13

increases HR, blood pumping faster; using oxygen more quickly, must pump oxygen to body faster and more frequently.

Question 14

Effect of Cold Stimulus on Heart

Answer 14

HR increases in cold temperatures because it must pump faster to maintain core temperature. Needs to ensure blood gets to heart and other vital organs; during hypothermia body will stop pumping blood to extremities and only pump to vital organs (survival mode)

Question 15

P Wave

Answer 15

atrial depolarization, represents the immediate excitation that follows atrial contraction.

Question 16

QRS Complex

Answer 16

ventricular depolarization, electrical activity that immediately proceeds ventricular depolarization with atrial depolarization (hidden by ventricular depolarization)

Question 17

T Wave

Answer 17

Repolarization of ventricles.

Question 18

Analyzing EKG

Answer 18

depresssed S-T segment= heart attack

abnormally long QRS Complex= muscle fibers are not receiving electrical signal which could alter contraction of ventricles.

Question 19

Conduction System

Answer 19

1. Electrical signal initiates at SV Node.
2. Signal travels throughout atria causing contraction.
3. Signal reaches AV Node through gap junctions and is delayed to allow atria to finish contracting.
4. Signal travels from left and right AV bundles and the to purkinje fibers.
5. Purkinje fibers spread the signal throughout ventricles resulting in ventricular contraction.