Chapter 17 Anatomy and Physiology of Respiratory System

Question 1

Right Vs. Left Lung

Answer 1

Left: 2 lobes, cardiac notch
Right: 3 lobes, larger and wider

Question 2

Nasal Conchae

Answer 2

in nose, have blood vessels that warm and humidify air

Question 3

Nose

Answer 3

contains tiny hairs and mucus to trap any unwanted particles or germs from entering respiratory tract. Mucus also warms and humidifies air.

Question 4

Ventilation

Answer 4

the process by which air enters the lungs and is expelled from the lungs

Question 5

Respiration

Answer 5

the process in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and the tissues.

Question 6

Inspiration

Answer 6

external intercostals contracts- lung pressure decreases.
diaphragm contract- thoracic volume increases
atmospheric pressure > lung pressure

Question 7

Expiration

Answer 7

external intercostals relax- lung pressure increases
diaphragm relaxes- thoracic volume decreases
atmospheric pressure

Question 8

Respiratory Rate

Answer 8

14-16 inspirations/minute

Question 9

Heart Rate

Answer 9

72 bpm

Question 10

HR and RR Ratio

Answer 10

1:5

Question 11

Nasal Cavity

Answer 11

formed by nasal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, vomer, maxilla and palatine bones

Question 12

Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 12

air-containing spaces in nasal cavity bones; when they become infected and fail to drain properly into nasal cavity, increased fluid pressure causes pain.

Question 13

Pharynx

Answer 13

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx (all ciliated pseudostratified columner)

Question 14

Larynx

Answer 14

voicebox, box of cartilage held together by ligaments.

Question 15

Trachea

Answer 15

wind pipe, conducts air into lungs.

Question 16

Respiratory Tree

Answer 16

Primary Bronchi- supply to each lung
Secondary Bronchi- supply to individual lobes of each lung
Terminal Bronchi
Respiratory Bronchioles
Aveolar Ducts
Alveoli

Question 17

Effect of Exercise on CO2 Production

Answer 17

CO2 output relies largely on the amount of energy your body is using; when you exercise, you significantly increase energy used.
Body increases HR and RR to get more O2 to create more energy. Oxygen goes to cells with waste (CO2) which needs to be exhaled from body. Increased O2 use, causes increased CO2 production.

Question 18

Carbon Dioxide and pH

Answer 18

CO2 rises= pH levels lower (lots of H+ ions)
high CO2= hemoglobin releases O2 more readily
Low pH= H+ ions bind to Hb and alter its structure which decreases Hb’s carrying capacity for oxygen and promotes unloading.

Question 19

Phenolphthalein

Answer 19

acid-base indicator, basic solutions= pink, neutral solutions= colorless
When you blow bubbles into an alkaline solution, color will eventually disappear because you are neutralizing the NaOH w/ carbonic acid formed from your exhaled CO2.

Question 20

Tidal Volume

Answer 20

volume of air that enters/exits lungs with each normal breath.

Question 21

ERV

Answer 21

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled above tidal volume

Question 22

IRV

Answer 22

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal quiet inspiration beyond tidal volume.

Question 23

Residual Volume

Answer 23

volume of air left over in lungs after forceful expiration

Question 24

Up Regulation

Answer 24

Exercising: blood CO2 levels increase which causes higher rate of respiration, need more oxygen to support amount of energy being used.

high altitudes, hypoventilation

Question 25

Down Regulation

Answer 25

Resting: CO2 blood level is lower, so breathing rate is lower; body is not using a lot of energy so it will down regulate because there is no need for increased oxygen levels. hyperventilation