Chapter 19

Question 1

what is the first stage of labor

Answer 1

Begins with regular uterine contractions
Ends with full cervical effacement and dilation

Question 2

what is the latent phase of the 1st stage of labor

Answer 2

up to 6 cm of dilation , onset of labor, regular painful contractions

Question 3

what is the active phase of 1st stage of labor

Answer 3

up to 10 cm of dilation , greatest rate of dilation occurs

Question 4

what is a physical assessment in the 1st stage of labor

Answer 4

General systems assessment: edema urine, lungs, bowels, VS. reflexes, pain, headache, blurred vision, dizziness, RUQ, epigastric pain
Vital signs
Leopold maneuvers (abdominal palpation)
Assessment of FHR and pattern

Question 5

what is the 2nd stage of labor

Answer 5

Begins with full cervical dilation (10 cm)
Complete effacement
The “pushing” stage
Ends with infant’s birth

Question 6

What is the latent phase of 2nd stage of labor

Answer 6

Latent: relatively calm with passive descent of baby through birth canal

Question 7

what is the active phase of 2nd stage of labor

Answer 7

pushing and urge to bear down
Ferguson reflex: the urge to “bear down”

Question 8

what is the ritgen maneuver

Answer 8

supporting the perineum, assisting head come up

Question 9

what is a first degree laceration

Answer 9

laceration that extends through the skin and vaginal mucous membrane but not the underlying fascia and muscle

Question 10

what is a 2nd degree laceration

Answer 10

laceration that extends through the fascia and muscles of the perineal body, but not the anal sphincter
stools softeners

Question 11

what is a 3rd degree laceration

Answer 11

laceration that involves the external anal sphincter
stool softeners

Question 12

what is a 4th degree laceration

Answer 12

laceration that extends completely through the rectal mucosa, disrupting both the external and internal anal sphincters
antibiotics needed, stool softeners

Question 13

what is an episiotomy

Answer 13

an incision in the perineum used to enlarge vaginal canal

its better to be cut than to have 4th degree laceration, its more controlled/aligned , heals easier than tearing

Question 14

what is the 3rd stage of labor

Answer 14

Birth of the baby until placenta is delivered
shortest stage of labor
Usually expelled within 10 to 15 minutes after the birth; may be problematic if >30 minutes
Sudden gush of dark blood from the introitus
Apparent lengthening of the umbilical cord
Vaginal fullness

Question 15

what is the 4th stage of labor

Answer 15

first 1 to 2 hours after birth