Chapter 16 Flashcards
What are the factors affecting labor
Passenger (fetus)
Passageway (birth canal)
Powers (contractions/bearing down)
what is the presentation of the fetus
the part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads through the birth canal during labor
what are the types of fetal presentation
Breech - bottom down, feet first
cephalic - head down, preferred
shoulder - should in pelvis first
face - neck hyperextended , face show first
what does fetal lie mean
the relation of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of the mother:
Longitudinal and Vertical
what is the fetal attitude
the relation of the fetal body parts to one another
General flexion is the preferred
brow - hyperextended
sinciput - more extended
what is the fetal position
the relationship of a reference point on the presenting part to the four quadrants of the mother’s pelvis (3 letter abbr.)
what is the fetal station
a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal (how far the presenting part is sitting)
what is fetal engagement
usually corresponds to 0 station
ischial spine is reference point at 0
what fetal station is considered crowning
+3 and +4
What are the primary powers of labor
contractions
what are the secondary powers of labor
bearding down efforts (vasalva maneuver)
what are the signs preceding labor
Lightening - when baby drops, baby is settling or lowering into pelvis
Bloody show - bleeding, spotting, increase in mucus production
what is labor
process of moving fetus, placenta, and membranes out of the uterus and through the birth canal
What is the first stage of labor
Onset of regular contractions to full dilation
Latent: effacement, little dilation, minimal decent
Active: rapid dilation, increase rate in descent
what is the 2nd stage of labor
full dilation to birth
Latent: passive fetal descent
Active pushing phase
