Chapter 18- The Urinary System Flashcards
what organs are included in the urinary system?
two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
what are the function of the kidneys?
- regulation of the volume of blood by excretions or conservation of water
- regulation of the electrolyte content of the blood by the excretion or conversation of minerals
- regulation of the acid-base balance of the blood by excretion or conservation of ions,
- regulation of all the above in tissue fluids
- removal of waste: urea, creatinine, ammonium
what fibrous connective tissue membrane help holds the kidneys in place
renal fascia
what is the hilus?
an indentation on its medial side, whre the renal artery enters the kidney and the renal vein and ureter emerge.
what is the purpose of the ureter?
carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
what is the name of the 2 layers of the kidneys?
- renal cortex; outter layer tissue,
2. renal medulla, inner tissue layer
what is the renal pelvis
cavity formed by the expansion of the ureter wihtin the kidney at the helius.
Each nephron has two major portions. What are they?
- renal corpuscle
2. renal tubule
what 3 major process are involved in the formation of urine?
1 glomular filtation > in renal corpuscles
- tubular reabsorption > in renal tubules
- tubular secretion > in renal tubules
what is GFR?
glomular filtration rate is the amount of renal filtrate formed by the kidneys in one min.
average 100-125 ml/ min
what is renal failure?
inability of the kidneys to funciton properly and may be the result of 3 general causes:
- prerenal, (beofre the kidneys(
- intrinsic renal, (kidney problem) caused 70% of the time by DM or HTN
- postrenal (after kindeys- think urethra block)
what is Rhabdomyolysis
results of damage to skeletal muscle tissues which cayses large molecules to leaf from damaged cells into the blood and may clog the kidney tubules.
what is polycystic kidney diease
when the kidney tubules dilate and become unfunctionalk.
what is hemodialysis?
use of an artificial kidney machine to do what the patients nephrons can no longer do.
- prolongs life for those with kidney failure
- people usually need a kidney transplant
what percenpt of the of the filtrate is reabsorbed back into the blood in the peritubular capillaries?
99%, 1% will enter as urine.