chapter 18- the brain

Question 1

functions

Answer 1

registering + integrating sensory information, stimulating responses + actions, psychological regulation, higher executive functions

Question 2

types of cranial meninges

Answer 2

dura mater, arachnid mater, pia mater

Question 3

dura mater

Answer 3

outermost, tough

Question 4

arachnoid mater

Answer 4

middle layer, delicate, non vascular

Question 5

pia mater

Answer 5

innermost, most delicate, highly vascular

Question 6

5 cranial hemispheres

Answer 6

parietal, occipital, temporal, frontal, insula

Question 7

motor areas

Answer 7

responsible for voluntary movement, 4 types

Question 8

primary/somatic motor cortex

Answer 8

allows body sensations to be mapped

Question 9

premotor cortex

Answer 9

controls repeated skills

Question 10

broca’s area

Answer 10

present in one hemisphere, usually left, motor speech planning and execution

Question 11

frontal eye field

Answer 11

voluntary eye movement

Question 12

sensory areias

Answer 12

in parietal, unsular, temporal, and occipital lobes, 7 types

Question 13

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 13

feeling and perceiving objects

Question 14

visual areas

Answer 14

recognizing things from past visual experiences

Question 15

auditory areas

Answer 15

interprets information from outer ear (pitch, loudness, location of sound) and stores memories

Question 16

vestibular cortex

Answer 16

awareness of balance

Question 17

olfactory

Answer 17

smell, tied to limbic system (memories and emotions)

Question 18

gustatory cortex

Answer 18

taste

Question 19

visceral sensory area

Answer 19

perception of visceral sensations

Question 20

association areas

Answer 20

receive input from multiple sensory areas

Question 21

anterior association area

Answer 21

prefrontal cortex, personality

Question 22

posterior association area

Answer 22

recognizing and understanding patterns

Question 23

limbic association area

Answer 23

provides emotional impact to memories and smell

Question 24

diencephalon

Answer 24

3 paired gray matter structures- thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 25

thalamus

Answer 25

mediates sensation, relay system is 98%, deciding what is and isn't important

Question 26

hypothalamus

Answer 26

homeostasis of physiological functions

Question 27

epithalamus

Answer 27

contains pineal gland, which is responsible for sleep/wake cycle

Question 28

brain stem

Answer 28

contains midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 29

midbrain

Answer 29

periaqueductal gray matter which is nuclei suppressing pain and active in flight or flight red nucleus relays info for limb flexion

Question 30

pons

Answer 30

autonomic sensory functions, pontine reps group creates respiratory rhythm

Question 31

medulla oblongata

Answer 31

blends into spinal cord, cardiovascular, respiratory, and various other centers

Question 32

how many pairs of cranial nerves

Answer 32

12

Question 33

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 33

31

Question 34

cranial nerves

Answer 34

I. olfactory II. optic III. oculomotor IV. trochlear V. trigeminal VI. abducens VII. facial VIII. acoustic IX. glossopharyngeal X. vagus XI. spinal accessory XII. hypoglossal

Question 35

cranial nerve functions

Answer 35

somatic, somatic, motor, motor, both, motor, both, somatic, both, both, motor, motor

Question 36

I. olfactory nerves

Answer 36

sensory neurons in olfactory epithelium of nose that moves to olfactory cortex

Question 37

II. optic nerves

Answer 37

sensory fibers in retina send visual information to visual areas of brain

Question 38

III. oculomotor nerves

Answer 38

motor nerves (somatic motor fibers) direct eye and raise eyelids and causes pupil to constrict (autonomic)

Question 39

IV. trochlear nerves

Answer 39

motor nerves that lift the eyes upward

Question 40

V. trigeminal

Answer 40

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular, both sensory and motor

Question 41

VI. abucens

Answer 41

moves eye side to side

Question 42

VII. facial nerves

Answer 42

five part nerve providing both sensory and motor functions to face

Question 43

VIII. vestibulocochlear (acoustic)

Answer 43

sensory nerve with vestibular branch allowing for balance, cochlear branch allows sense of hearing

Question 44

IX. glossopharyngeal nerves

Answer 44

glosso- tongue (sensory: taste), pharynx- pharyngeal (motor: swallowing)

Question 45

X. vagus

Answer 45

only cranial nerve beyond neck, (sensory: visceral areas) (motor: parasympathetic)

Question 46

XI. accessory nerves (spinal)

Answer 46

motor nerves that move heard, neck, shoulders

Question 47

XII.