Chapter 18 - plant diversity

Question 1

Plant

Answer 1

-a multicellular eukaryote that has cell walls
-does photosynthesis
-adapted to living on land

Question 2

Secondary metabolites

Answer 2

Chemicals produced by plants that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism.

Question 3

Heterotrop

Answer 3

consumers who depend on other animals or plants for energy (animals)

Question 4

Autotrophs

Answer 4

producers who prepare their own food (plants)

Question 5

What were the first true vascular plants?

Answer 5

Ferns

Question 6

What were the first seed plants?

Answer 6

gymnosperms

Question 7

Moss (15,000)

Answer 7

gametophyte (makes gametes) - haploid

sporophyte (fertilization) - diploid

spores - haploid

Question 8

Nonvascular plant(s)

Answer 8

no xylem or phloem
no roots
short
life cycle dependent on water
(mosses)

Question 9

Vascular plant(s)

Answer 9

have xylem and phloem
roots
grow tall
life cycle does NOT depend on water
(ferns, angiosperm, gymnosperms)

Question 10

What is the function of Xylem and Phloem

Answer 10

Xylem transports water
Phloem transports nutrients

Question 11

What is lignin

Answer 11

a polymer found in cell wall of VASCULAR plants

provides structure, support, and durability

Question 12

Ferns (12,000)

Answer 12

• mostly terrestrial with dew aquatic
• large and long-lived
• mostly live moist habitats

*longer diplod phase

Question 13

Gymnosperms

Answer 13

• fruitless see plants
• female gametophytes develop on exterior of sporophyte
• no ovary!! seeds are unprotected

Question 14

Angiosperms

Answer 14

• divided into 2 clades
  monocots and eudicots

Question 15

Monocots (22%)

Answer 15

one sprouting leaf
vascular tissue scattered throughout stem
wide network of roots

Question 16

Eudicots (75%)

Answer 16

2+ sprouting leaves
vascular tissue centered in a circular arrangement in stem
single large main root with small branching roots

Question 17

What clade are grasses apart of?

Answer 17

Poaceae

(70% of all crops are grasses)

Question 18

2 steps for plant development

Answer 18

pollination: the process of transferring pollen grains from another

fertilization: the fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote

Question 19

2 types of pollination vectors

Answer 19

abiotic: assistance in pollination by wind, rain, etc.

biotic: assistance in pollination by animals (birds, bees, flies, etc.)

Question 20

What makes pollen granules tough and resistant to harsh conditions?

Answer 20

Sporopollen

Question 21

Constitutive plant defense

Answer 21

always present in the plant

Question 22

Induced plant defense

Answer 22

produced in reaction to damage or stress