Chapter 16

Question 1

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 1

-are formed gradually over time
-made from the compaction of sand and dust

Question 2

Igneous rocks

Answer 2

are formed suddenly due to volcanic eruptions.

Question 3

Mass extinction percentage

Answer 3

an extinction of between 50% and 90% of all living species that occur relatively rapidly

Question 4

Continental drift

Answer 4

The movement of the continents relative to one another over time

Question 5

Plate tectonics

Answer 5

the theory that the Earth’s outer shell is made up of large plates that move slowly over the mantle

Question 6

Convergent evolution

Answer 6

a process in which different species evolve similar traits or behaviors to adapt to similar environmental challenges, even though they are not closely related

Question 7

Taxonomy

Answer 7

the identification, naming, and classification of organisms on the basis of shared traits

Question 8

Pyhlogeny

Answer 8

the evolutionary history of a group of organisms

Question 9

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 9

A branching diagram of relationships showing common ancestry

similar to a family tree

Question 10

Adaptive radiation

Answer 10

when several new species rapidly develop from a single ancestral species

Question 11

Biogeography

Answer 11

the study of species distributions across the planet

Question 12

Cell theory

Answer 12

1. all living things are made of cells
2. cells come from other cells
3. cells are the basic unit

Question 13

Shared features of all cells

Answer 13

cell membrane
genetic material (DNA)
ribosomes
cytoplasm

Question 14

Characteristics of bacteria

Answer 14

• DNA floating freely in cytoplasm
• no organelles
• cell wall made of peptidogycan

Question 15

Characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 15

• A nucleus (that contains DNA)
• many organelles

Question 16

Process that occurs inside cells

Answer 16

DNA —- RNA —- Protein

Question 17

What is the oldest type of fossil?

Answer 17

microfossils

Question 18

Archean period

Answer 18

• used chemicals to live
• NO OXYGEN
• anaerobic life dominated the biosphere
  (organisms that lives without oxygen)

Question 19

Origin of photosynthesis

Answer 19

cyanobacteria found a way to split water apart
generating oxygen waste… thus photosynthesis

Question 20

Where did life begin?

Answer 20

in water

Question 21

How does mass extinction change the environment?

Answer 21

Changes in:
- sea level
- global temp
- atmospheric conditions

Question 22

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 22

a theory that describes how evolution occurs in spurts, rather than gradually and steadily

Question 23

Characteristics of plate tectonics

Answer 23

• movement of Earth’s upper mantle & crust
• influences the geographical distribution of landmasses & organisms
• causes continental drift

Question 24

Homology

Answer 24

refers to similarities between organisms that are due to a common ancestor

SHARED ORGIN

Question 25

Analogy

Answer 25

refers to similar features that evolve independently in different organisms

SHARED FUNCTION