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BIO 102 > Chapter 18 - animal diversity > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - animal diversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

the presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles

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2
Q

Protists

A

single-cell eukaryote that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus

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3
Q

Animals

A

-multicellular eukaryote

  • obtains nutrients by ingesting other organisms (heterotroph)
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4
Q

Radial symmetry

A

-circular body
-non-defined left and right sides

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5
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

-left and right halves that mirror each other
-adaptation for seeking food, stalking prey, and avoiding predators

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6
Q

Asymmetrical

A

-no defined shape
-simplest living animal
-lack defined tissues or organs

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7
Q

Arthropods (>1 million)

A

-MOST ABUNDANT invertebrates/ protostomes

-segmented body, jointed appendages, hard exoskeleton

  • includes insects

-FIRST animal to live on dry land

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8
Q

Mollusk (>100,00 species)

A

-soft-bodied invertebrates

  • generally with a hard shell

EX: slugs, snails, clams

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9
Q

Annelids (20,000 species)

A

-segmented worms

EX: earthworms

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10
Q

Deuterostomes

A

first opening in embryo becomes the anus

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11
Q

Protostomes

A

first opening in embryo becomes the mouth

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12
Q

Types of Protostomes

A

Mollusks
Annelids
Arthropods

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13
Q

Examples of vertebrates

A

fish
birds
reptiles
amphibians
mammals

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14
Q

Vertebrates are part of the ___________ clade

A

chordates

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15
Q

4 features of the Chordata phylum

A
  1. dorsal, hallow nerve chord
  2. a notochord
  3. pharyngeal slits
  4. post-anal tail
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16
Q

What are Cyclostomes

A

jawless fishes that have a large sucking mouth

EX: hagfishes and lampreys

17
Q

3 lineages of jawed fish

A

Chondrichthyes
Ray-finned fishes
Long-finned fishes

18
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

-cartilage skeletons, no bones
-includes sharks and rays

19
Q

Ray-finned fishes

A

-Most abundant vertebrate group!

-have lungs

20
Q

Long-finned fishes

A
  • have muscular fins
    -have lungs
21
Q

3 extant groups of Long-finned fishes

A

– Coelacanths
– Lungfishes
– Tetrapods

22
Q

challenges for life on land

A
  1. Mass and Structural Support
  2. Locomotion
  3. Air Breathing
  4. Feeding
  5. Sensory
  6. Water Balance
  7. Reproduction
23
Q

What are tetrapods

A

vertebrate with 4 limbs AND digits

24
Q

Tetrapods include ________ and _________

A

amphibians and amniotes

25
Q

Amphibians

A

-first vertebrate able to move on land
-most amphibians have tadpole larvae that develop in water

EX: frogs, salamanders, and caecilians

26
Q

What are amniotes

A

tetrapods with a terrestrially adapted egg

*major characteristic of this clade is an amniotic egg with an amnion (a private pond in which the embryo develops)

27
Q

What 2 groups did amniotes split into

A

reptiles and mammals

28
Q

Examples of amniotic reptiles

A

lizards
snakes
turtles
crocodilians
birds

29
Q

Birds evolved from a lineage of small, two-legged dinosaurs called…

A

theropods

30
Q

Adaptations for birds to fly

A

– Loss of teeth
– Tail supported by only a few small
vertebrae
– Feathers with hollow shafts
– Strong but light honeycombed bones

31
Q

Key features of mammals

A

sweat glands
mammary glands
hair
four-chambered heart

32
Q

3 types of mammals

A

monotremes
marsupials
eutherians

33
Q

Monotremes

A

-; lay shelled eggs
- have sprawling legs

EX: duck-billed platypus and echidnas

34
Q

Marsupials

A

-Carry and feed young in a front pouch
- Young are born early, and crawl
into pouch for further development
-!No marine marsupials

EX: kangaroos and possums

35
Q

Eutherians

A

-They have placentas (more developed at birth than marsupials)
-Mammal eggs are fertilized internally; embryos develop in the female uterus

BIO 102 (7 decks)

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