Chapter 18 (Microbio) Flashcards
The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called
A. acquired immunity.
B. memory immunity.
C. vaccination.
D. hypersensitivity.
C. vaccination.
The procedure developed by the Chinese to protect against smallpox was called
A. Oriental poxination.
B. humoral immunity.
C. variolation.
D. naturally acquired immunity.
C. variolation.
Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against
A. measles.
B. bubonic plague.
C. rabies.
D. smallpox.
D. smallpox.
The scientist who made variolation safer and more effective was
A. Pasteur.
B. Jenner.
C. Metchnikoff.
D. Fleming.
B. Jenner.
The term vaccination
A. is a general term that would include the process of variolation.
B. was coined by Jenner.
C. was coined by Pasteur.
D. comes from the Latin for cow, vacca.
E. is a general term that would include the process of variolation, was coined by Pasteur AND comes from the Latin for cow, vacca.
E. is a general term that would include the process of variolation, was coined by Pasteur AND comes from the Latin for cow, vacca.
The virus originally used for vaccination against smallpox is named
A. vaccinia.
B. cowpox.
C. rubella.
D. herpes.
B. cowpox.
The last case of naturally contracted smallpox occurred in
A. 1900.
B. 1950.
C. 1965.
D. 1977.
E. 1989.
D. 1977.
Almost all of the antibodies found in a newborn are
A. the result of infection.
B. self-made.
C. IgM.
D. the result of passive immunity.
D. the result of passive immunity.
Which antibodies cross the placenta and protect the fetus?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgD
B. IgG
Herd immunity
A. only occurs in a population in which all individuals are immune.
B. occurs in a population in which a large percentage of the population is immune.
C. only provides protection to those that are already immune.
D. is responsible for dramatic increases in childhood diseases.
E. occurs in a population in which a large percentage of the population is immune AND is responsible for dramatic increases in childhood diseases.
B. occurs in a population in which a large percentage of the population is immune
Attenuated agents are
A. dead viruses.
B. toxins.
C. weakened live organisms.
D. parts of an organism.
C. weakened live organisms.
Attenuated agents
A. may induce immunity after a single dose.
B. may cause disease in immunocompromised individuals.
C. multiply in the body.
D. may revert or mutate to disease-causing strains.
E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Inactivated immunizing agents are prepared by treatment with
A. alcohol.
B. phenol.
C. formalin.
D. histamine.
C. formalin.
The Salk vaccine
A. contains live attenuated virus.
B. contains inactivated virus.
C. contains a portion of the polio virus.
D. occasionally causes disease.
B. contains inactivated virus.
The Salk vaccine
A. protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection.
B. protects only against gastrointestinal infection.
C. is a subunit vaccine.
D. protects only against nervous system infection.
E. protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine.
D. protects only against nervous system infection.
Whole agent vaccines may contain
A. viruses.
B. bacteria.
C. toxins.
D. polysaccharides.
E. viruses AND bacteria.
E. viruses AND bacteria.
Toxoids are used in vaccines against
A. Haemophilus influenza type b.
B. diphtheria.
C. herpes simplex type I.
D. polio.
E. diphtheria AND herpes simplex type I.
B. diphtheria.
Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called
A. primary substances.
B. secondary substances.
C. adjuvants.
D. adjuncts.
C. adjuvants.
A recombinant vaccine is used to protect against
A. polio.
B. diphtheria.
C. hepatitis B.
D. pertussis.
C. hepatitis B.
The most common adjuvant is
A. ethanol.
B. formalin.
C. alum.
D. aluminum.
E. alum AND aluminum.
C. alum.
For which of the following childhood diseases is a subunit vaccine recommended?
A. polio
B. measles
C. hepatitis B
D. pertussis
D. pertussis
Which type of vaccine has been used in place of inactivated whole cell vaccine?
A. acellular subunit
B. whole cell attenuated
C. adjuvant
D. toxin
A. acellular subunit
The vaccine that is stable to heat, has little unwanted material and causes minimal side effects is called a(n)
A. inactive vaccine.
B. active vaccine.
C. toxoid.
D. peptide.
D. peptide.
A poorly understood, yet promising type of vaccine that causes the host to produce microbial antigens for a short time involves the use of
A. subunits.
B. DNA.
C. alum.
D. toxoids.
E. glycoproteins.
B. DNA.