Chapter 16 Host-Microbe Interactions Flashcards
The idea that communicable diseases were caused by the passage of living things from one person to another was first put forth by
A. Fracastorius.
B. Pasteur.
C. Thucydides.
D. Leeuwenhoek.
A. Fracastorius.
The connection between a particular organism and a specific disease was first made by
A. Fracastorius.
B. Pasteur.
C. Koch.
D. Leeuwenhoek.
C. Koch.
Crotch, connection.
The series of steps used to connect an organism to a disease are known as
A. Pasteur’s postulates.
B. Lister’s aseptics.
C. Linnaeus taxonomics.
D. Koch’s postulates.
D. Koch’s postulates.
The interaction of all organisms within a biological community is called a(n)
A. dialogue.
B. chat room.
C. ecosystem.
D. relationship.
C. ecosystem.
The microorganisms that are regularly found in or on the body, yet do no apparent harm are called
A. abnormal flora.
B. transient flora.
C. variant flora.
D. normal flora.
D. normal flora.
The microorganisms that are occasionally found in or on the body are called
A. abnormal flora.
B. transient flora.
C. variant flora.
D. normal flora.
B. transient flora.
Organisms that are found together and interact on a more or less permanent basis are in a relationship termed
A. mutualism.
B. parasitism.
C. symbiosis.
D. transient flora.
C. symbiosis.
The symbiotic relationship wherein both partners benefit is termed
A. commensalism.
B. parasitism.
C. independence.
D. mutualism.
D. mutualism.
A relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is unaffected is termed
A. commensalism.
B. parasitism.
C. independence.
D. mutualism.
A. commensalism.
A relationship in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed is termed
A. commensalism.
B. parasitism.
C. independence.
D. mutualism.
B. parasitism.
The resident microbial population of the human fetus is
A. zero.
B. sparse.
C. complex.
D. symbiotic.
A. zero.
Which of the following is true about the role normal flora plays in maintaining host health?
A. They provide a surface that is incompatible for attachment of an invader.
B. They establish competition for nutrients and vitamins.
C. They produce antimicrobial substances.
D. They stimulate the immune system.
E. All of the choices are true.
E. All of the choices are true.
Which of the following members of the normal flora inhibit the growth of Candida albicans?
A. E. coli.
B. Lactobacillus species.
C. Staphylococci species.
D. Propionibacterium species.
B. Lactobacillus species.
The composition of the normal flora may be affected by
A. hormonal changes.
B. use of antibiotics.
C. obesity level.
D. diet.
E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
The “hygiene hypothesis” proposes that
A. lack of exposure to microbes can promote development of allergies.
B. cleanliness truly is next to godliness.
C. hand washing is the best preventative measure against infection.
D. the immune system develops best in a clean environment.
A. lack of exposure to microbes can promote development of allergies.
The infectious dose
A. is the same for all microorganisms.
B. may be 10-100 cells for Salmonella.
C. is expressed as ID50.
D. is defined as the number of microbes necessary to ensure infection.
E. is expressed as ID50 AND is defined as the number of microbes necessary to ensure infection.
E. is expressed as ID50 AND is defined as the number of microbes necessary to ensure infection.
The number of organisms necessary to insure infection is termed the
A. infectious dose.
B. fatal number.
C. minimum lethal dose.
D. pathogenic number.
A. infectious dose.
Growth of a parasitic organism in or on the host is referred to as
A. colonization.
B. infection.
C. pathogenism.
D. mutualism.
B. infection.
A disease-causing microorganism or virus is referred to as a(n)
A. avirulent infection.
B. colony.
C. commensal.
D. pathogen.
D. pathogen.
Opportunists or opportunistic pathogens
A. are usually saprophytes.
B. take advantage of special circumstances.
C. are usually mutualistic.
D. always cause disease.
B. take advantage of special circumstances.
The suffix -emia means in the
A. body.
B. lymph.
C. interstitial tissue.
D. blood.
D. blood.
Attributes of an organism that promote pathogenicity are called
A. disease factors.
B. colonization factors.
C. mutualistic.
D. virulence factors.
D. virulence factors.
Avirulent organisms are
A. more likely to cause disease.
B. more likely to cause severe disease.
C. unable to cause disease.
D. pathogenic.
C. unable to cause disease.
Which of the following may be considered virulence factor(s)?
A. adhesins
B. capsules
C. endotoxins
D. proteases
E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following does S. pneumoniae use to survive in the host?
A. plasmids
B. pili
C. flagella
D. capsules
D. capsules
Which of the following would be considered a sign of a disease?
A. headache
B. pain
C. nausea
D. fever of 39°C
D. fever of 39°C