Chapter 18 - heart and cardiovascular function

Question 1

Functions of Cardiovascular system

Answer 1

• transport gas, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste
• regulation of pH and ion composition
• restriction of fluid loss
• Defense against toxins and pathogens
• Stabilization of body temp

Question 2

Components of Cardiovascular system

Answer 2

• blood: transport medium
• heart: muscular pump that moves blood around the body
• system of tubes/ vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 3

Pulmonary

Answer 3

lungs

Question 4

Systemic

Answer 4

rest of body

Question 5

Heart location

Answer 5

in mediastinum in thoracic cavity, within pericardial cavity surrounded by pericardial fluid

Question 6

Pericardium is composed of 2 parts

Answer 6

a tough fibrous layer lined by delicate serous membrane

Question 7

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 7

• very dense
• non-flexible tissue
• protects and anchor the heart

Question 8

Serous membrane - 2 layers

Answer 8

• Visceral pericardium:

- Parietal pericardium

Question 9

Cardiac tissue

Answer 9

1. Pericardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium

Question 10

Pericardium

Answer 10

• connective tissue sac that surrounds the heart

- pericardial cavity contains serous fluid

Question 11

Myocardium

Answer 11

hearts muscular layer

Question 12

Endocardium

Answer 12

• layer squamous epithelial tissue

- intimately covers the inner chambers of heart

Question 13

Cardiac muscle is

Answer 13

• striated
• branch
• only 1 nucleus

Question 14

Right atrium receives blood from

Answer 14

vena cava

Question 15

Left atrium receives blood from

Answer 15

pulmonary veins (lungs)

Question 16

Right ventricle pumps blood into

Answer 16

lungs via pulmonary arteries

Question 17

Left ventricle pumps blood into

Answer 17

body via aorta

Question 18

Tricuspid

Answer 18

right AV valve

Question 19

Biscuspid

Answer 19

left AV valve

Question 20

Tricuspid and Biscuspid are _____ valves

Answer 20

Atrioventricular

Question 21

Two semilunar valves

Answer 21

• btwn left ventricle and aorta

- btwn right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 22

What determines the flow of blood in the heart and cause the valves to open and close?

Answer 22

pressure

Question 23

How do the AV valves open

Answer 23

blood returning to heart forces it open

Question 24

How to the AV valves close

Answer 24

-ventricles contract

Question 25

Cardiac cycle refers to the

Answer 25

repetitive contraction and relaxation of heart

Question 26

Systole

Answer 26

contraction

Question 27

Diastole

Answer 27

relaxation

Question 28

Cardiac cycle initiated by

Answer 28

SA node

Question 29

Signal slightly delayed by

Answer 29

AV node

Question 30

Extracellular Ca++ moves into the cells during depolarization, and creates a

Answer 30

plateau phase

Question 31

Cardiac Cycle phases

Answer 31

1. Ventricular filling
2. Ventricular Systole
3. Early Diastole

Question 32

Ventricular filling

Answer 32

SA node depolarizes leading to atrial depolarization (p-wave)

Question 33

Ventricular Systole

Answer 33

depolarization wave reaches ventricles and begin to contract (QRS waves)
-AV valve closes 1st sound

Question 34

Early Diastole

Answer 34

aortic valve closes by pressure in aorta

-2nd sound

Question 35

CO =

Answer 35

HR x SV

Question 36

Cardiac reserve

Answer 36

difference btwn the CO at rest and the maximum CO

Question 37

CHP in capillaries starts at ___ mm Hg arterial side, drops to ___ mm Hg on venous side

Answer 37

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