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Chapter 18 Flashcards

Influenza Viruses

1
Q

yearly flue season is

A

december to march

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2
Q

H1N1 subtype is

A

pandemic and dangerous

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3
Q

virus induce

A

interferons and cytokines, leading to inflammatory response

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4
Q

influenza infects

A

respiratory tracts epithelial cells

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5
Q

influenza gets rid of

A

ciliated epithelium, leading to pneumonia

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6
Q

orthomyxoviridae has three classes

A

influenza A, B, C

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7
Q

influenza A has hosts of

A

birds and mammals

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8
Q

influenza B has hosts

A

limited to humans

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9
Q

influenza C has hosts of

A

pigs and humans

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10
Q

general structure of influenza

A

enveloped, multiple helical capsids with roughly spherical (late) and filamentous (early) structures

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11
Q

roughly spherical structure is

A

smaller and incorporated into aerosols, and host-to-host transmission

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12
Q

filamentous structure is

A

extended out from cells, cell-to-cell transmission

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13
Q

influenza starts to enter second cell by

A

endocytosis while still budding from the first cell’s plasma

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14
Q

9 of 11 viral proteins are

A

in the virion

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15
Q

surface proteins are

A

hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleocapsid protein (NP), ion channel (M2), matrix protein (M1)

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16
Q

inside, there is

A

RNA polymerase complex (PA, PB1, PB2) and NS2 protein

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17
Q

Influenza virus HA protein is

A

trimer, sulfide bond and fusion peptide N-C between HA[1] and [2]. type-1 has N of [1] and [C] unattached

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18
Q

HA[1] has

A

Sialic acid, binding domain, is used for attachment

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19
Q

After attachment and endocytosis to form endosome, tetramer M2 lets H+ in to

A

lower pH inside article, destabilizing NC-M1

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20
Q

once NC-M1 is broken,

A

vRNPs released

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21
Q

anti-influenza drug amantadine specifically blocks

A

M2 activity

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22
Q

pH-dependent fusion releases M1 into

A

cytosol

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23
Q

pH-dependent fusion releases RNP into

A

nucleus, NC+PB1,2+PA

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24
Q

genome structure of the virion is

A

8 (-)-strand RNA segments

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25
segments 1,3-6 are
each encoding a single protein
26
segment 2 is
encoding two proteins (3' ORF by leaky scanning)
27
segments 7 and 8 are
each encode two proteins (mRNAs spliced)
28
RNAs always remain associated with
NP
29
end ends of genome are
complementary, but not base-paired
30
each genome is ended with
PA, PB1,2
31
helically wrapped RNA around
NP
32
RNA segment 1 makes
PB2, binds to cap structure on cPre-mRNAs, part of transcriptase complex
33
RNA segment 2 makes
PB1, cleaves cPre-mRNAs to create primer; RNA polymerase activity for both transcription and replication PB1-F2, a protein that is localized in mitochondria and enhances apoptosis in immune cells
34
RNA segment 3 makes
PA, part of transcription and replicaiton complexes
35
RNA segment 4 makes
HA, receptor-binding, mediates membrane fusion, antigenic determinant
36
RNA segment 5 makes
NP, nucleocapsid protein, control functions in RNA synthesis
37
RNA segment 6 makes
neuraminidase, receptor destruction, dissociation of virus aggregates, antigenic determinant
38
RNA segment 7 makes
M1, matrix protein, interacts with envelope, nucelocapsid, and NS2 M2, ion channel activity
39
RNA segment 8 makes
NS1, nonconstructural protein, down regulates host cell mRNA processing
40
NS2 is
nonconstructural protein, directs nuclear export of viral nucleocapsids, interacts with M1
41
genome replication and mRNA transcription are done in
the nucleus
42
8 of vRNPs enter through
nuclear pore
43
transcription occurs to make
mRNA with 5' Cap and AAA
44
mRNA made from transcription is
exported to be translated in cytoplasm
45
components of NP, PA, PB1, PB2 are
imported back to the nucleus
46
genome RNP goes through replication in
(+) strand to (-) strand in nucleus
47
upon completion of replication,
genome is remade with NP, PA, PB1, PB2, M1 and NS2 to be exported into assembly
48
NP, PB1, PB2, PA all contain
nuclear localization signal
49
Cap stealing is when
PB2 binds cap of cPre-mRNA, then PB1 cuts 3' to A or G (bp to U) to be used for a primer in viral genome RNA
50
after cap stealing, PB1 starts
elongation of viral genome RNA after "U" until 12-13 nt from 5' end
51
after the U-track, forming poly(A) tail, PB1 is blocked by
another PB1 with termination
52
polymerase stuttering is when
repeated reuse of short U-tract as template to form long poly(A)
53
mRNAs 1-6 are not
spliced
54
mRNA 7 (M1, M2) and mRNA 8 (NS1, NS2) are
spliced for (M2, NS2)
55
splicing is
not efficient for both (unspliced:spliced = 9:1)
56
PB1 (RdRp) has
de novo initiation
57
NP binds
nascent antigenome (+)-strand, but not mRNA
58
PB1 displaced at
CU/GA[ppp] to antigenome RNA to produce genome RNA, which NP bound to progeny genomes
59
initially free NP is low, leading to
transcription
60
translation in cytosol of Np and import into nucleus increase
free NP
61
high free NP leads to
replication, which leads to decrease in free NP
62
NS1 is
the most abundant viral protein in infected cells
63
NS1 binds to and inhibits
host proteins of CPSF and PABII
64
CPSF is
cleaving pre-mRNA just 3' to the AAUAAA signal
65
PABII is
facilitating addition of full-length poly(A) tail
66
NS1 interferes with
polyA of cmRNAs
67
PB1 and PB2 activates to
with no 5'CAP, degrades cmRNAs in the nucleus
68
NS2 contains
NES and binds to M1
69
M1 binds to
vRNP
70
NS2,M1 bound vRNP leaves
the nucleus
71
HA, NA and M2 co-translationally
inserted into ER
72
HA, NA and M2 in the ER are
transported to PM via golgi
73
HA, NA and M2 bud from PM into
extracellular space
74
virions have
8 RNA segments and 9 viral proteins
75
virion can
jump between host types from single AA change in HA, [a]-2,3 and [a]-2,6
76
virion can
limit broad protective immunity
77
OSeltamivir is an
inhibitor to NA
78
varaibility is from
antigenic drift and antigenic shift
79
vaccines are based on
guessing at N and H
80
current seasonal vaccines are for
A, H1N1; A, H3N2; B,

BIOL 3155 (16 decks)

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