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BIOL 3155 > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

Influenza Viruses

1
Q

yearly flue season is

A

december to march

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2
Q

H1N1 subtype is

A

pandemic and dangerous

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3
Q

virus induce

A

interferons and cytokines, leading to inflammatory response

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4
Q

influenza infects

A

respiratory tracts epithelial cells

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5
Q

influenza gets rid of

A

ciliated epithelium, leading to pneumonia

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6
Q

orthomyxoviridae has three classes

A

influenza A, B, C

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7
Q

influenza A has hosts of

A

birds and mammals

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8
Q

influenza B has hosts

A

limited to humans

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9
Q

influenza C has hosts of

A

pigs and humans

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10
Q

general structure of influenza

A

enveloped, multiple helical capsids with roughly spherical (late) and filamentous (early) structures

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11
Q

roughly spherical structure is

A

smaller and incorporated into aerosols, and host-to-host transmission

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12
Q

filamentous structure is

A

extended out from cells, cell-to-cell transmission

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13
Q

influenza starts to enter second cell by

A

endocytosis while still budding from the first cell’s plasma

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14
Q

9 of 11 viral proteins are

A

in the virion

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15
Q

surface proteins are

A

hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleocapsid protein (NP), ion channel (M2), matrix protein (M1)

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16
Q

inside, there is

A

RNA polymerase complex (PA, PB1, PB2) and NS2 protein

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17
Q

Influenza virus HA protein is

A

trimer, sulfide bond and fusion peptide N-C between HA[1] and [2]. type-1 has N of [1] and [C] unattached

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18
Q

HA[1] has

A

Sialic acid, binding domain, is used for attachment

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19
Q

After attachment and endocytosis to form endosome, tetramer M2 lets H+ in to

A

lower pH inside article, destabilizing NC-M1

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20
Q

once NC-M1 is broken,

A

vRNPs released

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21
Q

anti-influenza drug amantadine specifically blocks

A

M2 activity

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22
Q

pH-dependent fusion releases M1 into

A

cytosol

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23
Q

pH-dependent fusion releases RNP into

A

nucleus, NC+PB1,2+PA

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24
Q

genome structure of the virion is

A

8 (-)-strand RNA segments

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25
Q

segments 1,3-6 are

A

each encoding a single protein

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26
Q

segment 2 is

A

encoding two proteins (3’ ORF by leaky scanning)

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27
Q

segments 7 and 8 are

A

each encode two proteins (mRNAs spliced)

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28
Q

RNAs always remain associated with

A

NP

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29
Q

end ends of genome are

A

complementary, but not base-paired

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30
Q

each genome is ended with

A

PA, PB1,2

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31
Q

helically wrapped RNA around

A

NP

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32
Q

RNA segment 1 makes

A

PB2, binds to cap structure on cPre-mRNAs, part of transcriptase complex

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33
Q

RNA segment 2 makes

A

PB1, cleaves cPre-mRNAs to create primer; RNA polymerase activity for both transcription and replication
PB1-F2, a protein that is localized in mitochondria and enhances apoptosis in immune cells

34
Q

RNA segment 3 makes

A

PA, part of transcription and replicaiton complexes

35
Q

RNA segment 4 makes

A

HA, receptor-binding, mediates membrane fusion, antigenic determinant

36
Q

RNA segment 5 makes

A

NP, nucleocapsid protein, control functions in RNA synthesis

37
Q

RNA segment 6 makes

A

neuraminidase, receptor destruction, dissociation of virus aggregates, antigenic determinant

38
Q

RNA segment 7 makes

A

M1, matrix protein, interacts with envelope, nucelocapsid, and NS2
M2, ion channel activity

39
Q

RNA segment 8 makes

A

NS1, nonconstructural protein, down regulates host cell mRNA processing

40
Q

NS2 is

A

nonconstructural protein, directs nuclear export of viral nucleocapsids, interacts with M1

41
Q

genome replication and mRNA transcription are done in

A

the nucleus

42
Q

8 of vRNPs enter through

A

nuclear pore

43
Q

transcription occurs to make

A

mRNA with 5’ Cap and AAA

44
Q

mRNA made from transcription is

A

exported to be translated in cytoplasm

45
Q

components of NP, PA, PB1, PB2 are

A

imported back to the nucleus

46
Q

genome RNP goes through replication in

A

(+) strand to (-) strand in nucleus

47
Q

upon completion of replication,

A

genome is remade with NP, PA, PB1, PB2, M1 and NS2 to be exported into assembly

48
Q

NP, PB1, PB2, PA all contain

A

nuclear localization signal

49
Q

Cap stealing is when

A

PB2 binds cap of cPre-mRNA, then PB1 cuts 3’ to A or G (bp to U) to be used for a primer in viral genome RNA

50
Q

after cap stealing, PB1 starts

A

elongation of viral genome RNA after “U” until 12-13 nt from 5’ end

51
Q

after the U-track, forming poly(A) tail, PB1 is blocked by

A

another PB1 with termination

52
Q

polymerase stuttering is when

A

repeated reuse of short U-tract as template to form long poly(A)

53
Q

mRNAs 1-6 are not

A

spliced

54
Q

mRNA 7 (M1, M2) and mRNA 8 (NS1, NS2) are

A

spliced for (M2, NS2)

55
Q

splicing is

A

not efficient for both (unspliced:spliced = 9:1)

56
Q

PB1 (RdRp) has

A

de novo initiation

57
Q

NP binds

A

nascent antigenome (+)-strand, but not mRNA

58
Q

PB1 displaced at

A

CU/GA[ppp] to antigenome RNA to produce genome RNA, which NP bound to progeny genomes

59
Q

initially free NP is low, leading to

A

transcription

60
Q

translation in cytosol of Np and import into nucleus increase

A

free NP

61
Q

high free NP leads to

A

replication, which leads to decrease in free NP

62
Q

NS1 is

A

the most abundant viral protein in infected cells

63
Q

NS1 binds to and inhibits

A

host proteins of CPSF and PABII

64
Q

CPSF is

A

cleaving pre-mRNA just 3’ to the AAUAAA signal

65
Q

PABII is

A

facilitating addition of full-length poly(A) tail

66
Q

NS1 interferes with

A

polyA of cmRNAs

67
Q

PB1 and PB2 activates to

A

with no 5’CAP, degrades cmRNAs in the nucleus

68
Q

NS2 contains

A

NES and binds to M1

69
Q

M1 binds to

A

vRNP

70
Q

NS2,M1 bound vRNP leaves

A

the nucleus

71
Q

HA, NA and M2 co-translationally

A

inserted into ER

72
Q

HA, NA and M2 in the ER are

A

transported to PM via golgi

73
Q

HA, NA and M2 bud from PM into

A

extracellular space

74
Q

virions have

A

8 RNA segments and 9 viral proteins

75
Q

virion can

A

jump between host types from single AA change in HA, [a]-2,3 and [a]-2,6

76
Q

virion can

A

limit broad protective immunity

77
Q

OSeltamivir is an

A

inhibitor to NA

78
Q

varaibility is from

A

antigenic drift and antigenic shift

79
Q

vaccines are based on

A

guessing at N and H

80
Q

current seasonal vaccines are for

A

A, H1N1; A, H3N2; B,

BIOL 3155 (16 decks)

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