chapter 18

Question 1

define group

Answer 1

two or more people who interact with each other, are influenced by each other and who share a common purpose

Question 2

three styles of leadership and define each

Answer 2

democratic - the leader negotiates with the group and takes their views into account when making decisions
authoritarian - leader makes all the decisions with no consultation/ negotiation and controls behaviour of all members of the group
laise fair - a ‘leader’ is present but takes no part in the groups dynamics or decision making. There is no real structure or authority.

Question 3

define power

Answer 3

Power is the ability a person has to get someone to do something for someone else

Question 4

six sources of power

Answer 4

reward 
coercive 
informative
legitimate 
expert 
referent

Question 5

reward power

Answer 5

ability to provide a desired response

Question 6

coercive power

Answer 6

ability to provide an unpleasant consequence

Question 7

informative power

Answer 7

having knowledge others desire

Question 8

legitimate power

Answer 8

power is given by a higher aurthority and may be due to a role or position

Question 9

expert power

Answer 9

power is due to skills and depth of knowledge

Question 10

referent power

Answer 10

power from others desire to relate to the person

Question 11

what is meta analysis

Answer 11

research that examines the results of other studies and combines all findings to develop a conclusion

Question 12

seven moderator variables in bond and smiths meta analysis (factors which affect conformity)

Answer 12

Normal influence 
Culture 
Informational influence 
Group size 
Unanimity 
Social loafing 
Deindividuation

Question 13

normal influence

Answer 13

refers to a persons tendency to go along with the group so that they will fit in and gain the approval of other group members

Question 14

culture

Answer 14

individualist culture: when your focused on yourself to achieve your own goals
collectivist culture: about group goals rather than individual goals
e.g. in easter cultures its rude to point out others mistakes

Question 15

informational influence

Answer 15

when we conform to others because we believe they have more knowledge about the situation/ accurate information
e.g. asking a friend which spice to use example

Question 16

group size

Answer 16

groups tend to work most productively in groups of 3-4’s. work efficiency decreases in groups larger than this

Question 17

unanimity

Answer 17

the agreement by all people involved. when everyone agrees the group works better and is harmonious (everyone goes along with ideas)

Question 18

deindividuation

Answer 18

participants cannot be identified by other group members. participants are less likely to conform when they are deindividualised. e.g. prisoners were given numbers and were only known as their numbers, dehumanised. increases conformity

Question 19

social loafing

Answer 19

the tendency of an individual to reduce their effort when working in a group compared with when they are alone