chapter 17

Question 1

forming impressions of others (person perception)

Answer 1

we use person perception, the process by which we develop an impression of another person, using information we can initially gather or observe about them

Question 2

attributions

Answer 2

inferences we make about the causes of events or behaviours in order to understand social experiences

Question 3

internal and external attributions

Answer 3

people tend to either see the cause of a behaviour or action as being either located within (internal) the person or outside (external) the person

Question 4

examples of internal and external attributions

Answer 4

internal (dispositional)
- traits
- abilities 
- motivations 
- attitude 
- mood 
-effort
external (situational) 
- environment setting 
- situation
- luck 
- actions of another person

Question 5

what is a stereotype

Answer 5

a generalised and simplified belief about a group of people, a social category that is based upon what we perceive to be typical of a particular group

Question 6

functions of stereotypes

Answer 6

stereotypes play a large role in prejudice. they can be positive and negative. most people regardless of education or ses hold some form of prejudice and form some stereotypes about others, it may even be unconscious

Question 7

what is an attitude

Answer 7

a learnt, stable and relatively enduring evaluation of a person, object, event or idea that can affect an individuals behaviour

Question 8

expressions of attitudes

Answer 8

explicit abd implicit

Question 9

what is an explicit attitude

Answer 9

explicit attitudes are when people openly state their attitude and behave in a way that reflects this attitude

e. g. attitude: exersize is good for my health
action: goes to gym daily

Question 10

what is an implicit attitude

Answer 10

are involuntary, uncontrollable and sometimes unconscious. its impossible for individuals to be unaware that they hold a particular attitude until their actions reveal it
e.g. moths are harmless (attitude) screams when they see a moth (action)

Question 11

relationships between attitudes and behaviour

Answer 11

peoples behaviour does not always express their attitude

Question 12

attitude specificity

Answer 12

highly specific attitudes are characterised by particular behaviours. e.g. if you specifically prefer one brand of shampoo you will only buy that brand regardless of the price. this can be affected by information about the attitude and the situation you are in

Question 13

tri component model attitudes

Answer 13

includes an affect, cognitive and behaviour component

Question 14

affect component

Answer 14

how we feel about the attitude object

Question 15

behaviour component

Answer 15

behaviour, how we act towards the attitude object

Question 16

cognitive component

Answer 16

cognition, what we know or think we know about the attitude object

Question 17

prejudice

Answer 17

an unfavourable attitude towards a group of people (cognitive and affective)

Question 18

discrimination

Answer 18

prejudice expressed through behaviour (behavioural)

Question 19

some examples of prejudice

Answer 19

sexism, gender 
racism, ethnicity or race 
ageism, age 
homophobia 
disability

Question 20

effects of prejudice and discrimination

Answer 20

low self esteem
disadvantage or failure
self fulfilling prophecies
violence or geniside

Question 21

what are five ways of preventing and reducing prejudice

Answer 21

• education
• intergroup contact (contact between groups of people who have prejudicial attitudes towards each other )
• cognitive interventions (making information available and thus minimising irrelevant info about, other groups of people) contradict stereotypes
• superordinate goals (working towards a common goal)
• direct experience ( directly experiencing another culture or lifestyle)