Chapter 18 - animal diversity

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

the presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles

Question 2

Protists

Answer 2

single-cell eukaryote that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus

Question 3

Animals

Answer 3

-multicellular eukaryote

• obtains nutrients by ingesting other organisms (heterotroph)

Question 4

Radial symmetry

Answer 4

-circular body
-non-defined left and right sides

Question 5

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 5

-left and right halves that mirror each other
-adaptation for seeking food, stalking prey, and avoiding predators

Question 6

Asymmetrical

Answer 6

-no defined shape
-simplest living animal
-lack defined tissues or organs

Question 7

Arthropods (>1 million)

Answer 7

-MOST ABUNDANT invertebrates/ protostomes

-segmented body, jointed appendages, hard exoskeleton

• includes insects

-FIRST animal to live on dry land

Question 8

Mollusk (>100,00 species)

Answer 8

-soft-bodied invertebrates

• generally with a hard shell

EX: slugs, snails, clams

Question 9

Annelids (20,000 species)

Answer 9

-segmented worms

EX: earthworms

Question 10

Deuterostomes

Answer 10

first opening in embryo becomes the anus

Question 11

Protostomes

Answer 11

first opening in embryo becomes the mouth

Question 12

Types of Protostomes

Answer 12

Mollusks
Annelids
Arthropods

Question 13

Examples of vertebrates

Answer 13

fish
birds
reptiles
amphibians
mammals

Question 14

Vertebrates are part of the ___________ clade

Answer 14

chordates

Question 15

4 features of the Chordata phylum

Answer 15

1. dorsal, hallow nerve chord
2. a notochord
3. pharyngeal slits
4. post-anal tail

Question 16

What are Cyclostomes

Answer 16

jawless fishes that have a large sucking mouth

EX: hagfishes and lampreys

Question 17

3 lineages of jawed fish

Answer 17

Chondrichthyes
Ray-finned fishes
Long-finned fishes

Question 18

Chondrichthyes

Answer 18

-cartilage skeletons, no bones
-includes sharks and rays

Question 19

Ray-finned fishes

Answer 19

-Most abundant vertebrate group!

-have lungs

Question 20

Long-finned fishes

Answer 20

• have muscular fins
  -have lungs

Question 21

3 extant groups of Long-finned fishes

Answer 21

– Coelacanths
– Lungfishes
– Tetrapods

Question 22

challenges for life on land

Answer 22

1. Mass and Structural Support
2. Locomotion
3. Air Breathing
4. Feeding
5. Sensory
6. Water Balance
7. Reproduction

Question 23

What are tetrapods

Answer 23

vertebrate with 4 limbs AND digits

Question 24

Tetrapods include ________ and _________

Answer 24

amphibians and amniotes

Question 25

Amphibians

Answer 25

- type of tetrapod -FIRST VERTEBRATE to move on land -most amphibians have tadpole larvae that develop in water EX: frogs, salamanders, and caecilians

Question 26

What are amniotes

Answer 26

tetrapods with a terrestrially adapted egg *major characteristic of this clade is an amniotic egg with an amnion (a private pond in which the embryo develops)

Question 27

What 2 groups did amniotes split into

Answer 27

reptiles and mammals

Question 28

Examples of amniotic reptiles

Answer 28

lizards snakes turtles crocodilians birds

Question 29

Birds evolved from a lineage of small, two-legged dinosaurs called...

Answer 29

theropods

Question 30

Adaptations for birds to fly

Answer 30

– Loss of teeth – Tail supported by only a few small vertebrae – Feathers with hollow shafts – Strong but light honeycombed bones

Question 31

Key features of mammals

Answer 31

sweat glands mammary glands hair four-chambered heart

Question 32

3 types of mammals

Answer 32

monotremes marsupials eutherians

Question 33

Monotremes

Answer 33

-; lay shelled eggs - have sprawling legs EX: duck-billed platypus and echidnas

Question 34

Marsupials

Answer 34

-Carry and feed young in a front pouch - Young are born early, and crawl into pouch for further development -!No marine marsupials EX: kangaroos and possums

Question 35

Eutherians

Answer 35

-They have placentas (more developed at birth than marsupials) -Mammal eggs are fertilized internally; embryos develop in the female uterus