Chapter 18

Question 1

Autoclitic

Answer 1

A secondary verbal operant in which some aspect of a speaker’s own verbal behavior functions as an S0 or an MO for additional speaker verbal behavior. The autoclitic relation can be thought of as verbal behavior about verbal behavior.

Question 2

Automatic Contingencies

Answer 2

Circumstances in which behavior is evoked, shaped, maintained, or weakened by environmental variables occurring without direct manipulation by other people. All behavior principles can affect our behavior automatically.

Question 3

Bidirectional Naming

Answer 3

A higher-order verbal cusp consisting the fusing together of the speaker and listener repertoires in bidirectional relations.

Question 4

Codic

Answer 4

A type of verbal behavior where the form of the response is under the functional control of a verbal stimulus with point-to-point correspondence, but without formal similarity.

Question 5

Compound Verbal Discrimination

Answer 5

Two or more verbal Sd’s that each independently evoke behavior, but when they both occur in the same antecedent configuration, a different Sd is generate, and a more specific behavior is evoked.

Question 6

Copying a Text

Answer 6

An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a nonvocal verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the controlling response.

Question 7

Duplic

Answer 7

A type of verbal behavior where the form of the response is under the functional control of a verbal stimulus with formal similarity, and a history of generalized reinforcement.

Question 8

Echoic

Answer 8

An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response

Question 9

Elementary Verbal Operants

Answer 9

Mands, Tacts, Intraverbal, duplic, and codic.

Question 10

Formal Similarity

Answer 10

A situation that occurs when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or response product (a) share the same sense mode (e.g., both stimulus and response are visual, auditory, or tactile) and (b) physically resemble each other. The verbal relations with formal similarity are echoic, coping a text, and imitation as it relates to sign language.

Question 11

Generative Learning

Answer 11

A behavior effect whereby previously acquired speaker and listener skills enable or accelerate the acquisition of other speaker and listener skills, without dependence on direct teaching or a history of reinforcement.

Question 12

Intraverbal

Answer 12

An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus and that does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus

Question 13

Listener

Answer 13

Someone who provides reinforcement for verbal behavior. A listener may also serve as an audience evoking verbal behavior.

Question 14

Listener Discrimination

Answer 14

When a verbal Sd evokes a specific nonverbal behavior, due to a history or reinforcement.

Question 15

Mand

Answer 15

An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement.

Question 16

Motor Imitation

Answer 16

A type of duplic verbal behavior in which the form of a motor response is under the functional control of a visual verbal SD that has no formal similarity between a verbal stimulus and a verbal response product, and a history of generalized reinforcement.

Question 17

Multiple Control

Answer 17

There are two types of multiple control: (a) convergent multiple control occurs when a single verbal response is a function of more than one variable and (b) what is said has more than one antecedent source of control Divergent multiple control occurs when a single antecedent variable affects the strength of more than one responses.

Question 18

Point-to-Point Correspondence

Answer 18

A relation between the stimulus and response or response product that occurs when the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus matches the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal response. The verbal relations with point-to-point correspondence are echoic, copying a text imitation as it relates to sign language, textual, and transcription.

Question 19

Private Events

Answer 19

Covert events typically accessible to only the person experiencing them. Skinners radical behaviorism says:
A. Private events are behavior
B. Behavior that takes place within the skin is distinguished between other behavior (public) only due to it’s inaccessibility
C. Private events are influenced by the same kind of variables as publicity accessible behavior.

Question 20

Section-Based Verbal Behavior

Answer 20

A category of verbal behavior in which the speaker points to or selects a particular stimulus.

Question 21

Simple Verbal Discrimination Training

Answer 21

The conventional procedure requires one behavior and two antecedent stimulus conditions. Responses are reinforced in the presence of one stimulus condition, the SD, but not in the presence of the other stimulus, SP.

Question 22

Speaker

Answer 22

Someone who engages in verbal behavior by emitting mands, tacts, intraverbals, autoclitics, and so on. A speaker is also some-one who uses sign language, gestures, signals, written words, codes, pictures, or any form of verbal behavior

Question 23

Tact

Answer 23

An elementary verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement.

Question 24

Tact Extension

Answer 24

Once a tact has been established, the tact response can occur under novel stimulus conditions through the process of stimulus generalization.

Question 25

Taking Dictation

Answer 25

An elementary verbal operant involving a spoken verbal stimulus that evokes a written, typed, or fingerspelled response that does not have formal similarity between the stimulus and the response, but does have point–to-point correspodence and a history of generalized reinforcement.

Question 26

Textual

Answer 26

An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to point correspondence, but not formal similarity, between the stimulus and the response product.

Question 27

Topography-Based Verbal Behavior

Answer 27

A category of verbal behavior in which the listener is affected by a specific response topography emitted by the speaker.

Question 28

Verbal Behavior

Answer 28

Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener; includes both vocal-verbal behavior (e.g., saying “wait please” to get water) and nonvocal-verbal behavior (pointing to a glass of water to get water). Encompasses the subject matter usually treated as language and topics such as thinking, grammar, composition, and understanding.

Question 29

Verbal Conditional Discrimination

Answer 29

A type of convergent multiple control involving a verbal stimulus that alters the evocative effects of another verbal stimulus in the same antecedent configuration.

Question 30

Verbal Episode

Answer 30

An interaction between a speaker and a listener.

Question 31

Verbal Function-Altering Effect

Answer 31

Verbal stimulus can later the functional effects of immediate or future SDs and Mos and, accordingly, change a listeners behavior.