Chapter 14 Flashcards
Behavioral Contrast
The phenomenon in which a change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is ac companied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule.
Conditioned Punisher
A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishers; some-times called secondary or teamed punisher.
Discriminative Stimulus for Punishment
A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has been punished and in the absence of which that behavior has not been punished; as a result of this history, the behavior occurs less often in the presence of the SDp than in its absence.
Generalized Conditioned Punisher
A stimulus change that, as a result of having been paired with many other punishers, functions as punishment under most conditions because it is free from the control of motivating conditions for specific types of punishment.
Negative Punishment
A response behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus (or a decrease in the intensity of the stimulus), that decreases the future frequency of similar responses under similar conditions; sometimes called Type II punishment.
Overcorrection
A behavior change tactic based on positive punishment in which, contingent on the problem behavior, the learner is required to engage in effortful behavior directly or logically related to fixing the damage caused by the behavior. Forms of overcorrection are restitutional overcorrection and positive practice overcorrection.
Positive Practice Overcorrection
A form of overcorrection in which, contingent on an occurrence of the target behavior, the learner is required to repeated a correct form of the behavior, or a behavior incompatible with the problem behavior, a specified number of times; entails an educative component.
Positive Punishment
A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stim-ulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior; some-times called Type I punishment.
Punisher
A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it.
Punishment
Occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions. (See negative punishment, positive punishment.).
Recovery from Punishment
The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence. This procedure is analogous to the extinction of previously reinforced behavior and has the effect of undoing the effect of the punishment.
Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD)
Involves the introduction of a prompt, comment, or other distractor when an interfering behavior is occurring that is designed to divert the learner’s attention away from the interfering behavior and results in its reduction.
Restitution Overcorrection
A form of overcorrection in which, contingent on the problem behavior, the learner is required to repair the damage or return the environment to its original state and then to engage in additional behavior to bring the environment to a condition vastly better than it was in prior to the misbehavior. (See overcorrection and positive practice overcorrection.)
Unconditioned Punisher
A stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus. Unconditioned punishers are products of the evolutionary development of the species (phylogeny), meaning that all members of a species are more or less susceptible to punishment by the presentation of unconditioned punishers (also called primary) or unlearned punishers).
