Chapter 17; Respiratory System Flashcards
regular, even rhythmic breathing
eupnea
change in pattern of breathing producing shortness of breath or difficult breathing
dyspnea
flat, elongated bone located in the midline of the anterior thoracic cage and consists of manubrium, the body and xiphoid process; commonly called the breast bone
sternum
where the manubrium joins the body of the sternum; horizontal ridge is formed
angle of louis
long, slender, curved bones that articulated w/the manubrium @ the medial aspect
clavicles
group of bony landmarks used in the respiratory assessment; circle the body and help form horizontal reference points; 12 pairs
ribs
1st 7 that attach to the sternum are called true ribs
ribs 8-10 attach to the cartilage of the superior rib
ribs 11/12 are free floating
located at the midline of the posterior portions of the thoracic cage; commonly called the spine
vertebral column
5 imaginary vertical lines; sternal line, right and left midclavicular lines and the right and left anterior axillary lines
anterior thorax
5 imaginary vertical lines , vertebral line, right/left scapular, posterior axillary
posterior thorax
3 imaginary vertical lines, anterior/posterior axillary and mid-axillary lines
lateral thorax
how many right and left lung lobes?
right = 3 left = 2
congenital defect that results in a thin membrane that obstructs the nasal passages
choanal atresia
congenital defects of the cartilage in the larynx and trachea; air ways easily collapse
laryngomalacia and tracheomalcia
sound over trachea?
tracheal
harsh, high pitched
sound next to trachea, superior to each clavicle and in the first intercostal space?
bronchial
loud, high pitched
sound over major bronchi in the 2nd or 3rd intercostal spaces; between scapulae
bronchovesicular
medium loudness, medium pitch
sound in remainder of lungs
vesicular
soft, low pitched
high pitched, short, cracking
end inspiration, do not clear w/cough
fine crackles
loud, moist, low pitched, bubbling
end inspiration, do not clear w/cough
coarse crackles
high pitched, continuous
expiration/inspiration when severe
wheezes
low pitched, continuous, snoring, rattling
expiration/inspiration; change/disappear w/cough
rhonchi
lough, high pitched crowing heard w/o stethoscope
inspiration
stridor
low-pitched grating, rubbing
inhalation/exhalation
friction rub
rapid, shallow breathing
tachypnea
slow, regular breathing
bradypnea
rapid, deep breathing
hyperventilation
irregular, shallow breathing
hypoventilation
periods of deep breathing alternating w/periods of apnea
cheyne-strokes
shallw, deep respirations w/periods of apnea
biots (ataxic)
prolonged expiration
obstructive breathing
elliptical shaped w/ a lateral diameter that is larger than the anteroposterior diameter in 2:1 ratio
normal adult
adult portion by age 6
child
rounded in shape w/equal lateral and anteroposterior diameters
infant
anteroposterior diameter is equal to the lateral diameter and the ribs are horizontal
barrel chest
depression of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilage; lower portion where the body of the sternum meets the xiphoid process
pectus excavatum (funnel chest)
forward displacement of the sternum w/depression of the adjacent costal cartilage
pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)
lateral curvature and rotation of the thoracic and lumber spine; deviation greater than 45 degrees may cause distortion of the lung
scoliosis
exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic cage; associated w/aging; “hump back”
kyphosis
chronic hyperactive condition
wheezing
diminished/absent breath sounds
increased RR
ashtma
collapse of alveoli
decreased or absent breath sounds
increased RR
dullness to percussion
atelectasis
inflammation of the trancheobronchal tree
rhonchi
wheezes
chronic bronchitis
over-inflation and damage to alveoli
barrel chest
emhysem
infection of the alveoli
fever decreased o2 increased RR bronchial breath sounds crackles dullness to percussion over affected area
pneumonia
fluid in pleural space
diminished of absent breath sounds
no voice transmission
pleural effusion
complete collapse of lung
diminished or absent breath sounds
tracheal deviation to unaffected side
pneumothorax
edema around alveoli
pulmonary congestion wheeze and cracked pallor decreased chest wall tracheal deviation to unaffected side
left heart failure/congestive heart failure
respiratory fungal infection that occurs among populations in dry desert regions of central California, southern west US and Mexico
chest pain chills HA fatigue joint pain
valley fever
ask patient to say 99
normal sound will be muffled
if crackles, hear 99 in stethoscope
bronchophony
ask patient to say E
normal you will here E
abnormal sounds like A
egophony
ask patient to whisper 123
normal, you won’t be able to hear it
abnormal you will hear them saying 123
whispered pectriloquy
