Chapter 16; Ears, Nose, Mouth and Throat

Question 1

mucus-lined, air filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity and perform the same air-processing functions of filtration, moistening and warming

Answer 1

paranasal sinuses

Question 2

continuation of the columella, dividing the nose into a right and left side

Answer 2

nasal septum

Question 3

project the medical wall into each side of the nasal cavity; add surface area for cleaning, moistening and warming air entering the respiratory tract

Answer 3

turbinates (superior, middle, inferior)

Question 4

pull pinna up and back to straighten out canal

Answer 4

ADULT assess w/otoscope

** any discharge, redness or swelling can indicate infection**

Question 5

pull pinna down and back to straighten out canal

Answer 5

CHILD assess with otoscope

Question 6

inflammation or infection of the mastoid bone

Answer 6

mastioditis

Question 7

should be pearly gray color

Answer 7

tympanic membrane

** white patches indicate scars from previous infections; if yellow/reddish could indication infection in middle ear;

bulging membrane may indicate increased pressure in the middle ear; blocked eustachian tube**

Question 8

hearing acuity of high frequency sounds

Answer 8

whisper test

Question 9

compares air and bone conduction

Answer 9

rinne test

** if bone conducted sounds are as long or longer than air conducted sound, may have some degree of conductive hearing loss**

Question 10

bone conduction to evaluate if a person can hear better in one ear than the other

Answer 10

weber test

** if can hear better in one ear = poor conduction or nerve damage; recorded as sound lateralized to (right or left) ear **

Question 11

test equilibrium; perform for 20 seconds

Answer 11

romberg test

** if unable to maintain balance, may be a problem with functioning of the vestibular apparatus*

Question 12

occult one nostril and ask patient to breathe through other side w/mouth closed

Answer 12

patency testing

** severe inflammation or obstruction if can’t breathe through each naris **

Question 13

irregular lump in one nasal cavity

Answer 13

deviated septum

Question 14

nasal cavity abnormal finding

Answer 14

if swollen and red, can be upper respiratory infection

if pale and boggy or swollen, can have chronic allergies

Question 15

smooth, pale, benign growths found in many patient w/chronic allergies

Answer 15

nasal polyps

Question 16

mouth assessment abnormal findings?

Answer 16

fever blisters or cold sores can be caused by herpes

pallor or cyanosis may indicate hypoxia

thin vermilion border may be a sign of fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 17

tongue abnormal findings?

Answer 17

smooth, coated or hair tongue is usually related to dehydration or disease

small tongue may indicated underrnurtrion

tremor of the tongue may indicate a dysfunction of the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)

Question 18

delicate flaps of skin and are easily damaged by a direct blow to the mouth during abuse or other trauma

Answer 18

frenula

Question 19

abnormal finding throat?

Answer 19

viral pharyngitis may accompany a cold; tonsils may be bright red and swollen w/spots on them

diabetic acidosis have a sweet, fruity breath

breath of patients w/kidney disease smells of ammonia

Question 20

infection of outer ear that causes redness and swelling of the auricle and ear canal and scanty drainage

Answer 20

otitis externa

Question 21

small white nodules on the helix or anti helix of the ear that contain uric acid crystals and are a sign of gout.

Answer 21

tophi

Question 22

nosebleed

Answer 22

epistaxis

Question 23

inflammation of the sinuses usually following a upper respiratory infection

Answer 23

sinusitis

Question 24

inflammation due to a viral infection or allergy w/watery and copious drainage, sneezing and congestion

Answer 24

rhinitis

Question 25

displacement of the lower nasal septum; one nasal cavity appears to have an outgrowth or shelf

Answer 25

deviated septum

Question 26

pale, round, firm, non painful overgrowth of nasal mucosa usually caused by chronic allergic rhinitis

Answer 26

nasal polyps

Question 27

hole in the septum caused by chronic infection, trauma or sniffing cocaine

Answer 27

perforated septum