Chapter 15; Eye

Question 1

enlarging pupil size

Answer 1

mydriasis

Question 2

decreasing pupil size

Answer 2

miosis

Question 3

3rd and innermost membrane, sensory portion of the eye; helps change light waves to neuroimpulses for interpretation as visual impulses by the brain

Answer 3

retina

Question 4

round w/clear margins, nasal aspect of the retina

Answer 4

optic disc

Question 5

responsible for central vision; yellow, piglike center called the fovea centralism appears as hyper pigmented spot on the temporal aspect of the retina

Answer 5

macula

Question 6

normal refractive condition of the eye

Answer 6

emmetropia

Question 7

nearsightedness; light rays focus in front of the retina

Answer 7

myopia

Question 8

farsightedness; light rays focus behind the retina

Answer 8

hyperopia

Question 9

eyelids, movable folds of skin that cover and protect the eyes

Answer 9

palpebrae

Question 10

opening between the upper and lower lids

Answer 10

palpebral fissure

Question 11

soft yellow plaques on the lids @ inner cants; no pathological significance (older adult)

Answer 11

xanthelasma

Question 12

yellowish nodules that are thickened areas of the bulbar conjuctiva caused by prolonged exposure to sun, wind and dust (older adult)

Answer 12

pingueculae

Question 13

opacity of the bulbar conductive that can grow over the cornea and block vision (older adult)

Answer 13

pterygium

Question 14

by age 45, lens of the eyes loses elasticity and the ciliary muscles become weaker, resulting in decreased ability of the lens to change shape to accommodate for near vision; produces a drooping appearance (older adult)

Answer 14

presbyopia

Question 15

small, round yellow dots scattered on the retina; does not interfere w/vision; as patient ages lens continue to thicken and yellow, forming a dense area that reduces lens clarity

Answer 15

cataract

Question 16

moves the eye outward, away from the nose

Answer 16

lateral rectus

Question 17

moves the eye inward, toward the nose

Answer 17

medial rectus

Question 18

moves the eye upward or temporally

Answer 18

superior rectus

Question 19

moves the eye downward or temporally

Answer 19

inferior rectus

Question 20

move eye down or nasally

Answer 20

superior oblique

Question 21

move eye up or temporally

Answer 21

inferior oblique

Question 22

dependent on the ability of the eye to refract light rays and focus them on the retina

Answer 22

visual acuity

Question 23

20ft feet from chart; cover one eye; test for distance

Answer 23

snellen chart

Question 24

12-14 inches holding chart; test for vision

Answer 24

rosenbaum chart

Question 25

sitting 2-3 feet from examiner (eye level), cover one eye, use pen and advance it in from the periphery to the midline point

Answer 25

peripheral vision test

Question 26

testing eye movement and muscles of eyes; stand 2 feet away from patient; letter H method or wagon wheel

Answer 26

6 cardinal fields of gaze

Question 27

abnormal occurrence during 6 cardinal fields of gaze test, there could be weakness in the extra ocular muscles or cranial nerve III

Answer 27

nystagmus; **rapid fluttering of the eyeball, occurs at completion of rapid lateral eye movement

Question 28

detect strabismus; performed on infants and children; shine light 12 inches from patient in cornea of eyes; light should be center or symmetrical

Answer 28

corneal light reflex

Question 29

performed on children; assess ocular deviation; cover one eye and observe uncovered eye

Answer 29

cover test; ***if weakness in one eye muscle the fusion reflex is blocked when one eye is covered and the weakness of the eye can be observed

Question 30

PERRLA?

Answer 30

``` pupils equal round reactive to light accommodation? ```

Question 31

what is accommodation?

Answer 31

accommodating to distance, look further they are dilated, look closer they are constricted

Question 32

reflection of the light off the retina

Answer 32

red reflex exam ** if no red reflex, patient may have cataract, opacity of the lens**

Question 33

refraction of light spread over a wide area rather than distinct point; vision may be blurred or doubled

Answer 33

astigmatism

Question 34

total area in which objects can be seen in the periphery while the eye remains focused on a central point

Answer 34

visual field

Question 35

results in blind spots in localized damaged areas

Answer 35

retinal damage

Question 36

results in unilateral blindness

Answer 36

lesions in optic nerve

Question 37

results in decreased peripheral vision

Answer 37

increased intraocular pressure

Question 38

vision diminishes in affected area

Answer 38

retinal vascular damage/retinal detachment

Question 39

condition which the axes of the eye cannot be directed at the same object

Answer 39

strabismus

Question 40

the eye deviates inward; convergent

Answer 40

esotropia

Question 41

the eye deviates outward; divergent

Answer 41

exotropia

Question 42

sluggish pupil response; usually unilateral but can be bilateral

Answer 42

tonic pupil (adies pupil)

Question 43

small, irregular pupils that exist bilaterally and are nonreactive to light

Answer 43

argyll robertson pupils

Question 44

unilaterally dilated pupil; no reaction to light; ptosis may be seen

Answer 44

cranial nerve III damage

Question 45

unequal pupillary size, which may be a normal finding or may indicate CNS disease

Answer 45

anisocoria

Question 46

unilateral, small regular pupil that is nonreactive to light

Answer 46

horners syndrome

Question 47

fixed and dilated pupils, may occur w/sympathetic nerve stimulation, glaucoma, CNS damage, or deep anesthesia

Answer 47

Mydriasis

Question 48

pupil is oval-shaped and dilated; cornea appears cloudy w/circumcorneal redness; sudden increase in intraocular pressure resulting from blocked flow of fluid from the anterior chamber; pain onset is sudden and accompanied by decrease in vision and halos around light

Answer 48

glaucoma

Question 49

usually seen on the lower lid and medial cants; papular appearance

Answer 49

basal cell carcinoma

Question 50

inflammation of the eyelids, staph infection leads to red, scaly and crusted lids; eye burns, itches and tears

Answer 50

blepharitis

Question 51

opacity of the lens, usually occurs in aging

Answer 51

cataract

Question 52

firm, contender nodule on the eyelid, arising from infection of the meibomian gland; not painful unless inflamed

Answer 52

chalazion

Question 53

inversion of the lid and lashes caused by muscle spasm of the eye lids friction from lashes can cause corneal irritation

Answer 53

entropion

Question 54

result of staph infection of hair follicles on the margin of the lids, affected eye is swollen, red and painful

Answer 54

stye (hordeolum)

Question 55

pupil is often irregular; serious disorder characterized by redness around the iris and cornea, decreased vision and deep, aching pain

Answer 55

iritis

Question 56

swollen, puffy lids; occurs w/crying, infection, trauma, and systemic problems including kidney failure, heart failure and allergy

Answer 56

periorbital edema

Question 57

infection of the conjunctiva due to bacteria or virus but which may result from chemical exposure

Answer 57

conjuntivitis (pink eye)

Question 58

eversion of the lower eyelid caused by muscle weakness, exposing the palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 58

ectropion

Question 59

leading cause of blindness in the US; changes that occur in the retina and vasculature; damage to blood vessels (micro aneurysm and retinal hemorrhages)

Answer 59

diabetic retinopathy

Question 60

blood vessels around macula damage; blurred central vision while peripheral vision remains intact

Answer 60

macular degeneration

Question 61

vessels under become thin/brittle

Answer 61

dry macular degeneration

Question 62

vessels break down, regenerate, then leak blood/fluid

Answer 62

wet macular degeneration