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Physical Assessment > Chapter 15; Eye > Flashcards

Chapter 15; Eye Flashcards

1
Q

enlarging pupil size

A

mydriasis

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2
Q

decreasing pupil size

A

miosis

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3
Q

3rd and innermost membrane, sensory portion of the eye; helps change light waves to neuroimpulses for interpretation as visual impulses by the brain

A

retina

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4
Q

round w/clear margins, nasal aspect of the retina

A

optic disc

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5
Q

responsible for central vision; yellow, piglike center called the fovea centralism appears as hyper pigmented spot on the temporal aspect of the retina

A

macula

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6
Q

normal refractive condition of the eye

A

emmetropia

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7
Q

nearsightedness; light rays focus in front of the retina

A

myopia

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8
Q

farsightedness; light rays focus behind the retina

A

hyperopia

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9
Q

eyelids, movable folds of skin that cover and protect the eyes

A

palpebrae

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10
Q

opening between the upper and lower lids

A

palpebral fissure

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11
Q

soft yellow plaques on the lids @ inner cants; no pathological significance (older adult)

A

xanthelasma

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12
Q

yellowish nodules that are thickened areas of the bulbar conjuctiva caused by prolonged exposure to sun, wind and dust (older adult)

A

pingueculae

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13
Q

opacity of the bulbar conductive that can grow over the cornea and block vision (older adult)

A

pterygium

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14
Q

by age 45, lens of the eyes loses elasticity and the ciliary muscles become weaker, resulting in decreased ability of the lens to change shape to accommodate for near vision; produces a drooping appearance (older adult)

A

presbyopia

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15
Q

small, round yellow dots scattered on the retina; does not interfere w/vision; as patient ages lens continue to thicken and yellow, forming a dense area that reduces lens clarity

A

cataract

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16
Q

moves the eye outward, away from the nose

A

lateral rectus

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17
Q

moves the eye inward, toward the nose

A

medial rectus

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18
Q

moves the eye upward or temporally

A

superior rectus

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19
Q

moves the eye downward or temporally

A

inferior rectus

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20
Q

move eye down or nasally

A

superior oblique

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21
Q

move eye up or temporally

A

inferior oblique

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22
Q

dependent on the ability of the eye to refract light rays and focus them on the retina

A

visual acuity

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23
Q

20ft feet from chart; cover one eye; test for distance

A

snellen chart

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24
Q

12-14 inches holding chart; test for vision

A

rosenbaum chart

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25
Q

sitting 2-3 feet from examiner (eye level), cover one eye, use pen and advance it in from the periphery to the midline point

A

peripheral vision test

26
Q

testing eye movement and muscles of eyes; stand 2 feet away from patient; letter H method or wagon wheel

A

6 cardinal fields of gaze

27
Q

abnormal occurrence during 6 cardinal fields of gaze test, there could be weakness in the extra ocular muscles or cranial nerve III

A

nystagmus;

**rapid fluttering of the eyeball, occurs at completion of rapid lateral eye movement

28
Q

detect strabismus; performed on infants and children; shine light 12 inches from patient in cornea of eyes; light should be center or symmetrical

A

corneal light reflex

29
Q

performed on children; assess ocular deviation; cover one eye and observe uncovered eye

A

cover test;

***if weakness in one eye muscle the fusion reflex is blocked when one eye is covered and the weakness of the eye can be observed

30
Q

PERRLA?

A 
pupils
equal
round
reactive to 
light
accommodation?
31
Q

what is accommodation?

A

accommodating to distance, look further they are dilated, look closer they are constricted

32
Q

reflection of the light off the retina

A

red reflex exam

** if no red reflex, patient may have cataract, opacity of the lens**

33
Q

refraction of light spread over a wide area rather than distinct point; vision may be blurred or doubled

A

astigmatism

34
Q

total area in which objects can be seen in the periphery while the eye remains focused on a central point

A

visual field

35
Q

results in blind spots in localized damaged areas

A

retinal damage

36
Q

results in unilateral blindness

A

lesions in optic nerve

37
Q

results in decreased peripheral vision

A

increased intraocular pressure

38
Q

vision diminishes in affected area

A

retinal vascular damage/retinal detachment

39
Q

condition which the axes of the eye cannot be directed at the same object

A

strabismus

40
Q

the eye deviates inward; convergent

A

esotropia

41
Q

the eye deviates outward; divergent

A

exotropia

42
Q

sluggish pupil response; usually unilateral but can be bilateral

A

tonic pupil (adies pupil)

43
Q

small, irregular pupils that exist bilaterally and are nonreactive to light

A

argyll robertson pupils

44
Q

unilaterally dilated pupil; no reaction to light; ptosis may be seen

A

cranial nerve III damage

45
Q

unequal pupillary size, which may be a normal finding or may indicate CNS disease

A

anisocoria

46
Q

unilateral, small regular pupil that is nonreactive to light

A

horners syndrome

47
Q

fixed and dilated pupils, may occur w/sympathetic nerve stimulation, glaucoma, CNS damage, or deep anesthesia

A

Mydriasis

48
Q

pupil is oval-shaped and dilated; cornea appears cloudy w/circumcorneal redness; sudden increase in intraocular pressure resulting from blocked flow of fluid from the anterior chamber; pain onset is sudden and accompanied by decrease in vision and halos around light

A

glaucoma

49
Q

usually seen on the lower lid and medial cants; papular appearance

A

basal cell carcinoma

50
Q

inflammation of the eyelids, staph infection leads to red, scaly and crusted lids; eye burns, itches and tears

A

blepharitis

51
Q

opacity of the lens, usually occurs in aging

A

cataract

52
Q

firm, contender nodule on the eyelid, arising from infection of the meibomian gland; not painful unless inflamed

A

chalazion

53
Q

inversion of the lid and lashes caused by muscle spasm of the eye lids

friction from lashes can cause corneal irritation

A

entropion

54
Q

result of staph infection of hair follicles on the margin of the lids, affected eye is swollen, red and painful

A

stye (hordeolum)

55
Q

pupil is often irregular;

serious disorder characterized by redness around the iris and cornea, decreased vision and deep, aching pain

A

iritis

56
Q

swollen, puffy lids;

occurs w/crying, infection, trauma, and systemic problems including kidney failure, heart failure and allergy

A

periorbital edema

57
Q

infection of the conjunctiva due to bacteria or virus but which may result from chemical exposure

A

conjuntivitis (pink eye)

58
Q

eversion of the lower eyelid caused by muscle weakness, exposing the palpebral conjunctiva

A

ectropion

59
Q

leading cause of blindness in the US; changes that occur in the retina and vasculature; damage to blood vessels (micro aneurysm and retinal hemorrhages)

A

diabetic retinopathy

60
Q

blood vessels around macula damage; blurred central vision while peripheral vision remains intact

A

macular degeneration

61
Q

vessels under become thin/brittle

A

dry macular degeneration

62
Q

vessels break down, regenerate, then leak blood/fluid

A

wet macular degeneration

Physical Assessment (7 decks)

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