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Physical Assessment > Chapter 13: Skin, Hair and Nails > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Skin, Hair and Nails Flashcards

1
Q

outer layer of skin

A

epidermis

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2
Q

underlying layer of skin

A

dermis

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3
Q

fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its tough, protective qualities

A

keratin

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4
Q

skin pigment

A

melanin

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5
Q

connective tissue that lies below the epidermis; consists of collagen and elastic fibers

A

dermis

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6
Q

loose connective tissue that stores approx. half of the bodys fat cells

A

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

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7
Q

produce a clear perspiration made up of water and salts; more numerous and more widely distributed

A

eccrine sweat glands

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8
Q

produce a secretion made up of water, salt, protein and fatty acids

A

apocrine sweat glands

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9
Q

produce sebum, oily secretion composted of fat and retain that is usually released into hair follicles

A

sebaceous glands (oil glands)

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10
Q

thin, flexible, elongated fiber composed of dead, keratinizes that grow out in a columnar fashion

A

hair

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11
Q

pale, fine, short strand, grows over the entire body except for lips, nipples and palms

A

vellus hair

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12
Q

hair of eyebrows and scalp is darker, coarser and longer

A

terminal hair

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13
Q

thin plates of kertanized epidermal cells the shield the distal ends of the fingers and toes

A

nails

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14
Q

white, cheeselike structure of sebum and epidermal cells (pediatric)

A

vernix caseosa

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15
Q

tiny white facial papules (pediatric)

A

milia

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16
Q

gray, blue or purple spots in the sacral and buttocks area of newborns

A

Mongolion spots

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17
Q

fine, downy hair of the newborn; replaced within a few months by vellus hair

A

lanugo

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18
Q

hyper pigmented patches on face (70% of women)

A

chloasma or melasma

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19
Q

dark line running from umbilicus to the pubic area

A

linea nigra

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20
Q

liver spots; look like hyper pigmented freckles (geriatric)

A

senile lentigines

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21
Q

small, bright red spots common in older adults

A

cherry angiomas

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22
Q

flat, non palpable change in the skin color; smaller than 1cm (freckles, measles)

A

macule/patch

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23
Q

elevated, solid palpable masses with circumscribed border; smaller than 0.5 cm (elevated moles, warts)

A

papule/plaque

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24
Q

elevated, solid, hard or soft palpable mass extending deeper into dermis; smaller than 2cm

A

nodule/tumor

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25
Q

elevated, fluid filled, round or oval shaped, palpable massed with thin, translucent walls and circumscribed borders; smaller than 0.5cm (herpes, chickenpox, small burn blister)

A

vesicle/bulla

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26
Q

elevated, often reddish area with an irregular border caused by diffuse fluid in tissues; size varies (insect bites, hives)

A

wheal

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27
Q

elevated, pus-filled vesicle or bulla with a circumscribed border; size varies (acne)

A

pustule

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28
Q

elevated, encapsulated, fluid filled or semisolid mass originating in subQ tissue or dermis

A

cyst

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29
Q

a transluscent, dry, paper like sometimes wrinkled skin surface resulting from thinning or wasting of the skin due to loss of collagen

A

atrophy

30
Q

wearing away of the superficial epidermis causing a moist, shallow depression; usually heal without scarring (Scratch marks, ruptured vesicles)

A

erosion

31
Q

a rough, thickened, hardened area of epidermis resulting from chronic irritation such as scratching or rubbing

A

lichenification

32
Q

shedding flakes of greasy, keratinized skin tissue. color may be white, gray or silver; texture may vary from fine to thick (dry skin, dandruff, eczema)

A

scales

33
Q

dry blood, serum or pus on the skin surface from burst vesicles or pustules; can be red-brown, orange or yellow; large crusts are called scabs

A

crust

34
Q

a deep, irregularly shaped area of skin loss extending into the dermis or subq tissue

A

ulcer

35
Q

a linear crack with sharp edges extending into the dermis

A

fissure

36
Q

flat, irregular area of connective tissue left after a lesion or wound has healed

A

scar

37
Q

elevated, irregular, darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by excessive collagen formation during healing that extends beyond the site of the original injury

A

keloid

38
Q

lesions with a circular shape

A

annular

39
Q

lesions that run together

A

confluent

40
Q

lesions that are separate and discrete

A

discrete

41
Q

lesions that appear in clusters

A

grouped

42
Q

lesions with concentric circles of color

A

target

43
Q

lesions that appear as a line

A

linear

44
Q

lesions that are circular but united

A

polycyclic

45
Q

lesions arranged in a linear manner along a nerve route

A

zosteriform

46
Q

fungal infection affecting the body, scalp or feet

A

tinea

47
Q

highly contagious viral disease that causes a rash of red to purple macule or papule that being on the face then progressed over the neck, trunk, arms and legs; do not blanch

A

measles

48
Q

mild infectious disease caused by primary infection with the varicella zoster virus that begins as groups of small, red, fluid filled vesicles usually on the trunk from which the rash progressed to the face, arms and leg

A

chickenpox (Varicella)

49
Q

chronic viral infection, progress from vesicle to pustules and then crusts

A

herpes simplex

50
Q

causes lesions on the lips and oral mucosa

A

HSV-1 oral

51
Q

causes lesions on penis, vagina, butt or anus

A

HSV-2 genital

52
Q

reactivation of the dormant varicella zoster virus, which typically invaded the body during attack of chickenpox; clusters of small vesicles form on the skin along the route of sensory nerves

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

53
Q

thickening of the skin in dry, silvery, scaly patches that occurs w/overproduction of skin cells resulting in buildup of cells faster than they can be shed

A

psoriasis

54
Q

internally provoked inflammation of the skin caused redden papule and vesicles that ooze and week and possible crust formation; scalp, face, elbows, knees

A

eczema

55
Q

inflammation of the skin due to an allergy of a substance that came in contact with the skin;

A

contact dermatitis

56
Q

bright red raised lesion about 2-10 cm that does not blanch and is usually present at birth or within a few months of birth; cluster of immature capillaries

A

hemangioma

57
Q

flat, irregularly shaped lesion ranging from pale red to deep purple-red; large flat mass of blood vessels on the skin surface

A

port-wine stain

58
Q

flat, irregularly shaped lesion of varying size with no pulsation; no blanching; release of blood from superficial vessels into surrounding tissue due to trauma

A

ecchymosis

59
Q

flat, red or purple rounded “freckles” approx 1-3mm; no blanch

A

petechiae

60
Q

flat, reddish-blue irregularly shaped extensive patches of varying size; bleeding disorders, scurvy

A

purpura

61
Q

raised, irregularly shaped lesion similar to an ecchymosis except that it elevated the skin and looks like a swelling; leakage of blood into the skin and subs tissue

A

hematoma

62
Q

begin as shiny papule that develop central ulcers w/rounded pearly edges and occurs most often on regions regular exposed to the sun; proliferation of the cells of the stratum basal into the dermis and subq tissue; most common but least malignant skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

63
Q

reddened scaly papule then forms a shallow ulcer with a clear delineated elevated border; scalp, ears, back of hands

A

squamous cell carcinoma

64
Q

varied pigmentation and may be black, brown, blue or red often with irregular edges with notched borders; greater than 6mm; least common but most serious type of skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

65
Q

painless soft, blue to purple, macular or papular and may resemble keloids or bruises; malignant tumor of the epidermis and internal epithelial tissues

A

kaposi’s sarcoma

66
Q

yellow, white greasy scales on the scalp and forehead, similar to eczema; also called cradle cap

A

seborrhea

67
Q

highly contagious fungal disease that causes patchy hair loss on the head with skin pustules; transmitted from the soil, from animals or person to person; toddlers and school-age children; ringworm

A

tinea capitis

68
Q

sudden hair loss in a round balding patch on the scalp; no known cause

A

alopecia areata

69
Q

excess body hair in female on chest, face, stomach, arms and legs following the male pattern that is typically due to endocrine or metabolic dysfunction

A

hirsutism

70
Q

infections of hair follicles, appears as pustules with underlying erythema

A

folliculitis

71
Q

nails appear more complex and white; angle is greater than 160 degrees

A

nail clubbing

Physical Assessment (7 decks)

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