Chapter 17 Key Terms

Question 1

Abscess

Answer 1

an encapsulated infection

Question 2

Acromegaly

Answer 2

an overgrowth of the hands, feet, face, and jaw resulting from hypersecretion of growth hormones

Question 3

Active osteomyelitis

Answer 3

initial loss in bone tissue resulting from a bone infection

Question 4

Additive condition

Answer 4

a disease that causes body tissues to thicken, increase in atomic number, or increase in density, requiring an increase in technical factors to achieve proper image receptor exposure

Question 5

Aerophagia

Answer 5

a psychological disorder resulting in abnormal swallowing of air

Question 6

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 6

a psychological eating disorder resulting in extreme weight loss

Question 7

Aortic aneurysm

Answer 7

a large dilation of the aorta

Question 8

Ascites

Answer 8

fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity

Question 9

Aseptic necrosis

Answer 9

death of tissue

Question 10

Atelectasis

Answer 10

collapse of the lung

Question 11

Atrophy

Answer 11

a wasting away of body tissue with diminished cell proliferation

Question 12

Bowel obstruction

Answer 12

abnormal accumulation of air and fluid resulting from a blockage in the bowel

Question 13

Bronchiectasis

Answer 13

chronic dilation of the bronchi

Question 14

Calcified stones

Answer 14

calcium deposits in the form of stones that can be found in the gallbladder and kidneys

Question 15

Carcinoma

Answer 15

malignancy

Question 16

Cardiomegaly

Answer 16

enlargement of the heart

Question 17

Chronic osteomyelitis

Answer 17

new bone growth at the site of a chronic bone infection

Question 18

Cirrhosis

Answer 18

fibrotic changes in the liver causing the liver to enlarge and ascites to develop

Question 19

Congestive heart failure

Answer 19

increased venous congestion in the heart resulting from diminished cardiac output

Question 20

Degenerative arthritis

Answer 20

inflammation of the joints resulting in destruction of adjoining joint tissue

Question 21

Destructive condition

Answer 21

a disease that causes body tissues to thin, decrease in atomic number, or decrease in density, requiring a decrease in technical factors to achieve proper image receptor exposure

Question 22

Edema

Answer 22

swelling

Question 23

Emaciation

Answer 23

a generalized wasting of body tissue

Question 24

Emphysema

Answer 24

the overdistention of lung tissues by air

Question 25

Empyema

Answer 25

pus in the thoracic cavity

Question 26

Fibrosarcoma

Answer 26

malignant tumor of the metaphysis of bone resulting in reduction of bone composition

Question 27

Gout

Answer 27

a metabolic disease that can cause a reduction in bone composition

Question 28

Hemothorax

Answer 28

the filling of the pleural cavity with blood

Question 29

Hydrocephalus

Answer 29

dilation of fluid-filled cerebral ventricles resulting in enlargement of the head

Question 30

Hydrothorax

Answer 30

the filling of the pleural cavity with serous fluid

Question 31

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 31

oversecretion of the parathyroid hormone, causing calcium to leave bone and enter the bloodstream

Question 32

Multiple myeloma

Answer 32

a malignant tumor arising from plasma cells of bone marrow, causing a reduction in bone composition

Question 33

Osteitis deformans

Answer 33

new bone growth resulting from an increase in bone cell activity

Question 34

Osteoblastic metastases

Answer 34

new bone growth resulting from the spread of cancer in bone

Question 35

Osteochondroma

Answer 35

a tumor in the bone and cartilage

Question 36

Osteolytic metastases

Answer 36

destruction of bone due to malignancies that have spread to the bone

Question 37

Osteomalacia

Answer 37

a defect in bone mineralization, causing decreased composition

Question 38

Osteoporosis

Answer 38

a defect in bone production due to failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix

Question 39

Paget’s disease

Answer 39

new bone growth resulting from an increase in bone cell activity

Question 40

Pathology

Answer 40

the medical science concerned with all aspects of disease, including the structural and functional changes caused by a disease process

Question 41

Pleural effusions

Answer 41

the filling of the pleural cavity with blood or serous fluid

Question 42

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 42

the inhalation of dust particles, causing fibrotic scarring of the lungs

Question 43

Pneumonectomy

Answer 43

the removal of a lung

Question 44

Pneumonia

Answer 44

inflammation of lung tissues, causing fluid to fill the alveolar spaces

Question 45

Pneumonitis

Answer 45

inflammation of lung tissues, causing fluid to fill the alveolar spaces

Question 46

Pneumothorax

Answer 46

free air in the pleural cavity that displaces lung tissue

Question 47

Pulmonary edema

Answer 47

the filling of the interstitial lung tissues and alveoli with fluid

Question 48

Sclerosis

Answer 48

an increase in bone hardening resulting from a chronic inflammation of the bone

Question 49

Subject contrast

Answer 49

the degree of differential absorption resulting from the differing absorption characteristics of the tissues in the body

Question 50

Subject density

Answer 50

the impact the subject (patient) has on the resulting radiographic density

Question 51

Subject detail

Answer 51

the impact that the position of the structures of interest within the body has on the recorded detail

Question 52

Subject distortion

Answer 52

the impact that the position of the structures of interest within the body has on distortion

Question 53

Tuberculosis

Answer 53

infection of mycobacteria, causing inflammation of the lungs

Question 54

Tumor

Answer 54

an abnormal new growth in tissue