Chapter 17 Key Terms Flashcards
Abscess
an encapsulated infection
Acromegaly
an overgrowth of the hands, feet, face, and jaw resulting from hypersecretion of growth hormones
Active osteomyelitis
initial loss in bone tissue resulting from a bone infection
Additive condition
a disease that causes body tissues to thicken, increase in atomic number, or increase in density, requiring an increase in technical factors to achieve proper image receptor exposure
Aerophagia
a psychological disorder resulting in abnormal swallowing of air
Anorexia nervosa
a psychological eating disorder resulting in extreme weight loss
Aortic aneurysm
a large dilation of the aorta
Ascites
fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity
Aseptic necrosis
death of tissue
Atelectasis
collapse of the lung
Atrophy
a wasting away of body tissue with diminished cell proliferation
Bowel obstruction
abnormal accumulation of air and fluid resulting from a blockage in the bowel
Bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of the bronchi
Calcified stones
calcium deposits in the form of stones that can be found in the gallbladder and kidneys
Carcinoma
malignancy
Cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
Chronic osteomyelitis
new bone growth at the site of a chronic bone infection
Cirrhosis
fibrotic changes in the liver causing the liver to enlarge and ascites to develop
Congestive heart failure
increased venous congestion in the heart resulting from diminished cardiac output
Degenerative arthritis
inflammation of the joints resulting in destruction of adjoining joint tissue
Destructive condition
a disease that causes body tissues to thin, decrease in atomic number, or decrease in density, requiring a decrease in technical factors to achieve proper image receptor exposure
Edema
swelling
Emaciation
a generalized wasting of body tissue
Emphysema
the overdistention of lung tissues by air
Empyema
pus in the thoracic cavity
Fibrosarcoma
malignant tumor of the metaphysis of bone resulting in reduction of bone composition
Gout
a metabolic disease that can cause a reduction in bone composition
Hemothorax
the filling of the pleural cavity with blood
Hydrocephalus
dilation of fluid-filled cerebral ventricles resulting in enlargement of the head
Hydrothorax
the filling of the pleural cavity with serous fluid
Hyperparathyroidism
oversecretion of the parathyroid hormone, causing calcium to leave bone and enter the bloodstream
Multiple myeloma
a malignant tumor arising from plasma cells of bone marrow, causing a reduction in bone composition
Osteitis deformans
new bone growth resulting from an increase in bone cell activity
Osteoblastic metastases
new bone growth resulting from the spread of cancer in bone
Osteochondroma
a tumor in the bone and cartilage
Osteolytic metastases
destruction of bone due to malignancies that have spread to the bone
Osteomalacia
a defect in bone mineralization, causing decreased composition
Osteoporosis
a defect in bone production due to failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix
Paget’s disease
new bone growth resulting from an increase in bone cell activity
Pathology
the medical science concerned with all aspects of disease, including the structural and functional changes caused by a disease process
Pleural effusions
the filling of the pleural cavity with blood or serous fluid
Pneumoconiosis
the inhalation of dust particles, causing fibrotic scarring of the lungs
Pneumonectomy
the removal of a lung
Pneumonia
inflammation of lung tissues, causing fluid to fill the alveolar spaces
Pneumonitis
inflammation of lung tissues, causing fluid to fill the alveolar spaces
Pneumothorax
free air in the pleural cavity that displaces lung tissue
Pulmonary edema
the filling of the interstitial lung tissues and alveoli with fluid
Sclerosis
an increase in bone hardening resulting from a chronic inflammation of the bone
Subject contrast
the degree of differential absorption resulting from the differing absorption characteristics of the tissues in the body
Subject density
the impact the subject (patient) has on the resulting radiographic density
Subject detail
the impact that the position of the structures of interest within the body has on the recorded detail
Subject distortion
the impact that the position of the structures of interest within the body has on distortion
Tuberculosis
infection of mycobacteria, causing inflammation of the lungs
Tumor
an abnormal new growth in tissue
