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Microbiology Final > Chapter 17: Infectious Diseases Infecting the Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Infectious Diseases Infecting the Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

CNS consists of

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Cord
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2
Q

PNS consists of

A
  • nerves from the CNS
  • sense organs and periphery of the body
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3
Q

Defenses of the nervous system

A
  • Bony casings
    • protect from trauma
  • CSF
    • provides cushioning function
  • Cells that makeup blood vessels (Blood-brain barrier)
    • allow only certain molecules through
  • Macrophages
    • have phagocytic abilities
  • No microorganisms allowed
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4
Q

These viruses live in a dormant state in the nervous system, but are not considered resident biota

A

Herpes virus

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5
Q

Meningitis

A
  • Inflammation of the meninges
    • can be caused by a number of microorganisms and infections
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6
Q

Causative agents of Meningitis

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
    1. small, gram-positive flattened coccus
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
    1. gram-negative diplococci
  3. Haemophilus influenzae virus
    1. very acute but rare since vaccine
  4. Cryptococcus neoformans
    1. fungus
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7
Q

Causative agents of neonatal menigitis

A
  1. Streptococcus agalactiae
  2. Escheria coli
  3. Listeria monocytogenes
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8
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Acute viral infection of the spinal cord hat can cause neuromuscular paralysis also known as infantile paralysis

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9
Q

Cause of poliomyelitis

A
  • Small RNA viruses
    • enterovirus group
    • Picornavirus family (pico=small)
  • highly contagious person to person and via poo
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10
Q

Encephalitis

A
  • inflammation of the brain
    • always a serious condition as tissues of the brain are extremely sensative to the inflammatory response
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11
Q

Acute Encephalitis

A
  • almost always caused by viruses borne by insects (arboviruses)
  • West Nile Virus and Herpes Virus
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12
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus

A
  • Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 viruses cause

encephalitis in newborns born to HSV-positive mothers

* adults are still suseptible * Varicella-zoster virus can also cause encephilitis
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13
Q

Prions

A
  • Proteinaceous infectious particles
    • contain no genetic material
  • causes TSE’s
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14
Q

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

A

neurodegenerative diseases with long incubation periods but rapid progressions

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15
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A

a degenerative neurological disorder that is incurable and invariably fatal also called as human form of mad cow disease

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16
Q

Rabies

A
  • Slow, progressive zoonotic disease
  • fatal encephalitis
  • fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, and other nonspecific symptoms
17
Q

How to treat rabies

A

wound is infused with human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)

18
Q

Tetanus

A

Produces Tetanospasmin powerful neurotoxin and causes Neuromuscular disease also known as “lockjaw”; Neonatal tetanus

19
Q

Causative agent of tetanus

A
  • Clostridium tetani
    • gram+, spore-forming bacillus
20
Q

Tetanus treatment

A

Vaccination

21
Q

Botulism

A
  • produces exotoxin called botulinum toxin ;
  • muscular paralysis, respiratory compromise leading to death.
22
Q

Treatment of botulism

A

CDC maintains supply of antitoxin

23
Q

Which of the following organisms is not a cause of meningitis?

A. Neisseria meningitidis

B. Haemophilus influenzae

C. Cryptococcus neoformans

D. Clostridium tetani

E. Listeria monocytogenes

A

D. Clostridium tetani

24
Q

Causative agents of “Encephalitis”

A
  1. Arboviruses
  2. Herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2
  3. JC virus
25
Q

Causative agents of “Subacute Encephalitis”

A
  1. Toxoplasma gondii
  2. Prions
26
Q

Causative agents of “Meningoencephalitis”

A
  1. Naegleria fowleri
  2. Acanthamoeba
27
Q

Causative agents of Meningitis

A
  1. Neisseria meningitidis
  2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  3. Haemophilus influenzae
  4. Listeria monocytogenes
  5. Cryptococcus neoformans
  6. Coccidioides species
  7. Various viruses

Microbiology Final (12 decks)

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